Consensus conference on immediate loading: the single tooth and partial edentulous areas

PURPOSE: A consensus conference was held to determine what the parameters should be for the immediate functional loading of the single-tooth implant restoration and short-span fixed implant-supported bridgework. MATERIALS: Forty-one clinicians and researchers presented cases and situations relating to the topic. A panel then distilled questions that were presented to the audience (430) at large. Answers were gleaned to formulate a consensus. RESULTS: Ten distinct answers evolved that constituted the essence of guidelines for clinicians to be aware of when undertaking immediate loading. These guidelines are contained within the body of the text. CONCLUSIONS: Extreme caution and adherence to a universal generic protocol are suggested for clinicians who are involved with single-tooth and short-span multiple-teeth implant replacements as related to immediate loading as defined within this text.     

游离血管化髂骨瓣：26例回顾分析

该文对应用游离髂骨瓣修复颌骨缺损的病例进行回顾研究，并分析手术并发症。作者共用26块髂骨肌瓣、1块髂骨肌皮瓣修复18例下颌骨和8例上颌骨缺损。1例因微血管再灌注问题而导致手术失败：3例术后行组织瓣抢救，其中2例吻合口血栓形成，重新吻合血管后抢救成功；10例术后出现股外侧皮神经支配区皮肤麻木，3例并发切口疝，1例供区创口裂开，2例并发口鼻瘘，1例颈部创口感染，     

云南省双江县布朗族头面部器官微机测量研究

目的 对云南省双江县邦丙乡布朗族头面部器官进行全面系统地测量研究。方法 采用自行研制的头面部摄相—计算机测量系统，对正常布朗族成人155人进行了头面部器官全面系统的测量，其中男性96人，女性59人。结果 得出了布朗族成年男女两性头面部器官41个项目测量值和17个头面部指数资料。结论 该研究委仅对临床医学和美学研究有重要意义，而且对人类学、民族学和工业等相关学科也有重要的参考价值。     

Induction of dental pulp fibroblast matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 gene expression by interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha through a prostaglandin-dependent pathway

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix in many inflammatory diseases. Little is known regarding the expression of these mediators in dental pulp fibroblasts. The effects of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on pulp fibroblast MMP-1 and TIMP-1 gene expression were investigated. Northern hybridization showed that IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha induced significant MMP-1 gene expression, with only little effect on TIMP-1 gene. Exogenous PGE2, however, upregulated TIMP-1 mRNA synthesis but not MMP-1. Concomitant addition of IL-1alpha and PGE2 or TNF-alpha and PGE2 suppressed MMP-1 mRNA production, compared with the groups treated with IL-1alpha or TNF-alpha alone. In contrast, PGE2 enhanced the upregulatory effects of TIMP-1 mRNA by IL-1alpha or TNF-alpha. Furthermore, cytokine stimulation of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 gene expressions can be enhanced or blocked by indomethacin, respectively, and reversed by exogenous PGE2. These results suggested that cytokine-stimulated MMP-1 and TIMP-1 gene expression in dental pulp fibroblasts was mediated, at least in part, by a prostaglandin-dependent pathway. The differential regulation of IL-1alpha or TNF-alpha-induced MMP-1 and TIMP-1 mRNA synthesis, as well as the direct upregulation of TIMP-1 gene expression by PGE2, also implied that prostaglandin may serve as a protective mechanism from excessive tissue breakdown during pulpitis.     

Purification and characterization of a trypsin-like protease from the culture supernatant of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4

We purified and characterized a protease from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The protease was isolated from the culture supernatant by sonication in phosphate-buffered 3-[(3 cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS). The protease was purified by acetone precipitation, followed by column chromatography with Arginine Sepharose 4B, DEAE Sepharose CL-6B, Sephacryl S-200HR and HiTrap Q. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified protease showed a clear band at approximately 50 kDa. The protease showed trypsin-like activity with hydrolytic activity for the synthetic substrates N alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine p-nitroanilide (BApNA) and N alpha benzoyl-DL-lysine p-nitroanilide (BLpNA). The activity of the protease was stable at pH 7.0 to approximately 8.0. The activity of the protease was inhibited by leupeptin, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and EDTA, but was not affected by dithiothreitol (DTT), cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, pepstatin or soybean trypsin inhibitor. These data suggest that this protease is a serine protease or metallo protease. This enzyme extensively degraded collagen type I and fibronectin.     

Use of biodegradable polylactic acid barrier materials in the treatment of grade II periodontal furcation defects in humans--Part I: A multicenter investigative clinical study.

This study evaluated two bioresorbable polylactic acid barriers (Epi-Guide and Guidor) to determine if design differences were of therapeutic significance in the treatment of Grade II furcation defects in humans. Forty patients with bilaterally matched, Grade II furcation defects in maxillary or mandibular first or second molars were treated in a multicenter study. Comprehensive initial periodontal therapy, followed by defect debridement and root preparation, preceded randomized membrane placement. Data collected from all three investigative centers were pooled and analyzed using an analysis of variance appropriate for a counterbalancing design. Both barrier types produced measurable improvements of clinical probing values. Barrier exposure scores taken through the eighth week postoperative revealed that Epi-Guide was less likely to become exposed than Guidor. The findings of this study, which was conducted over a 12-month period, demonstrated that Epi-Guide and Guidor were comparable as measured by clinical probing determinations.     

The distribution of nitric oxide synthetase in Vcx and its relation with the expression of FOS induced by teeth movement in rats]

It was studied the central role of nitric oxide(NO) during experimental teeth movement and the relation between nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) positive neurons and FOS like immunoreactivity (FLN) with the NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and immunocytochemical reaction method. Results indicated that NOS positive neurons and FLN showed typical distribution in Vcx and there was some overlap between them. It suggests that NO is involved in the central modulation of the stimulating message of teeth movement, and which further explains the central modulation mechanism of experimental teeth movement in rats.     

IL—1,IL—6,TNF对人TMJ滑膜细胞蛋白合成的影响

目的：研究人ＴＭＪ滑膜细胞（ＳＭＣ）蛋白质合成能力，与其它组织细胞的差异，及细胞因子对这方面的影响。方法：采用体外培养的ＳＭＣ、ＴＧＣ、ＮＭＣ３种细胞及无血清培养液，应用紫外分光光度仪在２８０ｎｍ波长处，对培养上清中的蛋白含量进行测定，并与加用ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ后蛋白质合成的量进行对比观察。结果：正常状态下，ＴＧＣ蛋白合成量最高，ＯＤ值达０．１４，而ＳＭＣ最低，为０．０７９。在加用细胞因子作用４８ｈ后，ＳＭＣ蛋白含量达到０．１１７，提高３０％，而ＴＧＣ、ＮＭＣ却下降１０％～３０％。结论：正常状态下ＳＭＣ合成蛋白质成份较其它细胞少，而细胞因子可刺激ＳＭＣ蛋白质合成增加，这些蛋白成份中可能具有影响关节炎症的物质。     

唾液对体外培养NIH—3T3及MEC—1细胞粘附的影响

目的：探讨人唾液对正常及肿瘤细胞在体外粘附有无不同影响。方法：接种ＮＩＨ—３Ｔ３及ＭＥＣ－１细胞在预先涂有或未涂唾液的２４孔培养板上，用细胞计数法分别在接种后２、４、６和８ｈ计数贴壁细胞。结果：ＮＩＨ－３Ｔ３细胞及ＭＥＣ－１细胞在涂有唾液的塑料底物上在２、４、６、和８ｈ其贴壁抑制率分别为３５％、４１％、２６％、３４％和１０％、９％、８％、４％。结论：人全唾液能抑制体外培养的ＮＩＨ－３Ｔ３细胞的粘附，但对ＭＥＣ－１细胞的影响不大。     

The effect of timing of surgery for velopharyngeal dysfunction on speech

The timing of surgery for velopharyngeal dysfunction has been based on assumptions about the relation between age, speech development, and velopharyngeal dysfunction. Cleft palate teams often counsel parents to have an intervention for velopharyngeal dysfunction performed earlier rather than later, believing that earlier interventions result in more rapid or better normalization of speech. The objective of this retrospective chart review study is to determine whether the age at surgical intervention for velopharyngeal dysfunction has an effect on the subsequent length of speech therapy. Of 174 patients included in the study database, 36 had velopharyngeal dysfunction for which further velopharyngeal management was required. Of the 36 patients who received surgical velopharyngeal dysfunction management, 27 had verifiable speech therapy records. These 27 patients represent the study population. The outcome measure was the total length of subsequent speech therapy until speech normalization. The data suggest that there is no relation between the age at velopharyngeal dysfunction surgical management and the amount of speech therapy needed to achieve normalization of the speech impairments secondary to velopharyngeal dysfunction after that management. In conclusion, 1) the age at surgical velopharyngeal dysfunction management (pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty) does not have an effect on subsequent normalization of speech as measured by the duration of speech therapy necessary to achieve normalization of the speech impairments secondary to velopharyngeal dysfunction after that management, and 2) the age at surgical velopharyngeal dysfunction management does not affect the likelihood of subsequent surgical velopharyngeal dysfunction management procedures.