硫酸二甲酯中毒4例的抢救护理

0引言硫酸二甲酯(dimethyl sulfate, DMS)属高毒类,作用与芥子气相似.性质为无色油状液体,略有葱头样气味,毒性极强,成人口服致死量为1～5 g.主要通过呼吸道和皮肤进入体内.     

载瘤动脉痉挛状态下栓塞脑动脉瘤18例

1 临床资料唐都医院神经外科在2004-02/2004-05间用电解弹簧圈栓塞治疗了颅内动脉瘤患者共46例,其中存在载瘤动脉痉挛18 (男 6,女12)例,年龄17～65岁,平均42岁,均以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血为首发症状,临床表现为头痛、呕吐、颈强.伴有意识障碍者8例;肢体功能障碍者3例;1例后交通动脉瘤伴有动眼神经麻痹.术前Hess-Hunt分级Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级1例. 全部病例均DSA造影检查确诊存在颅内动脉瘤及载瘤动脉痉挛.其中前交通动脉瘤11例,后交通动脉瘤4例,大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤2例,眼动脉瘤1例.全部病例均用电解弹簧圈栓塞.术后常规腰穿放出血性脑脊液,应用钙拮抗剂,静脉应用罂粟碱2 wk,同时高脑灌注压,高血容量,低血黏度等综合治疗.     

Distribution of High Risk Human Papillomavirus Types in Western Kazakhstan - Retrospective Analysis of PCR Data

Background: Virtually all cases of cervical cancer are caused by persistent infections with a restricted set of human papillomaviruses (HPV). Cancer of the cervix is the third or even the second most common cancer in women worldwide, more than 85% of the cases occurring in developing countries, such as China and India, including the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose was to determine the HPV type distribution to evaluate efficacy of vaccination and adjust cancer prevention strategy in Western Kazakhstan in the future. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data obtained from PCR laboratories in 4 regional centers for the time period covering 12 months, 2013-2014, using AmpliSens Real-Time PCR kits for HPV testing of 12 genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59). Results: A total of 1,661 persons were HPV tested within 2013-14, but a proprotion examined for 16 and 18 genotypes only (563) was not been included for statistic analysis of distribution and ratio of the most common genotypes. Males accounted for only a small number (N=90 in total). Conclusions: Total number of the HPV-positive appeared to be 26.0%, or 286 of N=1098. Types distribution was as follows: type 16 (10.7%), 39 (5.83%), 51 (5.27%), 31 (4.85%), 56 (4.58%), 18 (3.61%), 59 (2.64%), 58 (2.22%), 35 (1.94%), 33 (1.25%). Overall the HPV infection was highest in 16-29 years old (62.4%) and decreased with age. Total prevalence of the HR-HPVs amongst male population was 21.4% with top five types 16, 18, 39, 51, 31. Trends forcorrelations between Aktau site and type 33 (Cramer's V 0.2029), between Caucasian ethnicity and type 33 (Cramer's V .1716), and between European ethnicities in Uralsk and type 45 (Cramer's V .1752) were found. Of N 563 tested separately for 16 or 18 types, 13.6% were positive. As a whole, the distribution of 16/18 types had a ratio of 3.53:1. Given the vaccine-targeted type 16 is widely spread amongst this regional population, HPV immunization program of adolescent girls 10-13 years should be implemented appropriately.     

川芎根茎挥发油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱和色谱—质谱—计算机联用系统对川芎根茎挥发油的化学成分进行了研究。从50m×0.25mm键合甲基硅氧烷弹性石英毛细管色谱柱中分离出180个峰,用保留指数测定,标准品叠加和质谱测定三种方法初步鉴定出40个成分。其主要成分是藁本内酯(58.00%)、3-丁叉苯酞(5.29%)和香桧烯(6.08%)等。     

OLTIPRAZ对小鼠日本血吸虫病的初步治疗

由于吡喹酮的问世,使血防形势起了根本性变化。吡喹酮既可治疗不同种的血吸虫病,又可治疗其它蠕虫病,在大规模使用若干年后是否会像海蒽酮及羟氨喹那样对血吸虫产生抗性或耐药性的问题尚需时间考验。因而,继续寻找别的抗血吸虫药还是有意义的。     

噻吗洛尔的透皮特性及影响其透皮吸收的因素

采用V-C水平扩散池对噻吗洛尔穿透完整无毛小鼠和人皮肤以及去角质层无毛小鼠和人皮肤的透过特性进行了摸索。对影响噻吗洛尔透皮吸收的因素如水合、介质pH以及各种透皮促进剂对其穿透率的影响进行了系统的研究。本文应用YWC-C_(18)健合固定相,以水-乙腈-三乙胺(87:13:1)为流动相系统,对噻吗洛尔进行了体外反相高效液相色谱法检测。实验结果表明噻吗洛尔透皮吸收的可行性,其透皮穿透率随着水合时间的适当延长、介质pH值的增大以及各类透皮促进剂的使用有显著性的增加。其中10％和1％azone合用体现了较好的协同作用。本结果为噻吗洛尔TTS的进一步研制提供了实验基础。     

5-取代苯基,1-氢及1-正丙基吡唑烷酮-3化合物抗惊作用QASR的研究

研究了5-取代苯基吡唑烷酮-3衍生物中苯基取代基的变化对抗惊活性的影响。按照Topliss改进法设计并合成了。1-氢及1-正丙基取代的化合物各六个,找到了活性较强的化合物,为5-(对氟苯基)-1-丙基吡唑烷酮-3,其ED_(50)为14.7mg/kg。经QSAR研究,发现疏水参数∑π对活性影响较大,苯上取代基的立体参数B_4和电性参数Ⅰ×10~2可以改进相关系数r。方程说明5-位苯上引入体积小的吸电子基团可使抗惊活性提高。     

喉癌组织p73基因蛋白的表达及其意义

喉鳞状细胞癌是喉部常见的恶性肿瘤，其发病率有明显增长的趋势，喉部黏膜的致癌过程是一系列复杂的基因变化的过程，p73基因是近年来发现的p53家族新成员，在肺癌，乳腺癌、鼻咽癌、舌癌等多种肿瘤组织中表达明显升高，但在喉癌中的表达报道很少，我们探讨p73蛋白在喉鳞癌发生，发展中的作用与意义如下。     

双肾多发错构瘤6例腔内介入治疗

1临床资料2001-03/2003-09收治双肾多发错构瘤6(男4,女2)例, 年龄19～30(平均24.5)岁. 全程无痛性肉眼血尿1例,双侧腰区疼痛4例,体检发现1例. B超、彩超和CT检查均发现双肾多发错构瘤. 肿瘤位于肾实质内未突破肾实质4例. 位于包膜下向外扩展并出血1例. 突入肾盂1例. 肿瘤直径1～9 cm. 均在局麻下,右股动脉Seldinger法,行双肾动脉造影 选择性动脉栓塞术. 栓塞物为明胶海绵颗粒、无水乙醇及弹簧圈. 患者术后24 h心电监护,抗炎止血3 d,右下肢止动24 h,监测肾功能,应用利尿剂. 随访6 mo,B超及CT检查显示双肾体积明显回缩,肿瘤体积明显变小. 肿瘤直径1～4 cm. 症状消失4例,明显缓解1例.     

吡喹酮及其对映异构体对离体大鼠心房肌生理特性的影响

吡喹酮(praziquantel,PQT)对心肌生理特性的影响有立体选择性。(-)-PQT对离体大鼠左心房的正性肌力作用的效能和强度均比(+)-PQT和(±)-PQT小。用维拉帕米可明显减弱PQT及其对映异构体的正性肌力作用。在浓度为100μmol/1时,PQT及其对映异构体对离体大鼠右心房均有负性频率作用,而当30μmol/1时仅(+)-PQT对频率有明显影响。它们尚可诱发右心房心律失常,其发生率以(+)-PQT最高,(-)-PQT最低,(±)-PQT居中。(+)-和(±)-PQT可明显缩短左房不应期。(+)-PQT还可明显降低左房自律性,而(-)-PQT对不应期,自律性均无影响。