白血病患者血清铜、锌的变化

本文报道57例白血病血清铜,锌含量的测定结果。白血病治疗前血清铜升高,铜/锌值增大;治疗后,病情缓解者下降,未缓解者则更高。血清锌在治疗前后无何差异。急性淋巴细胞性白血病骨髓中白血病细胞百分数与血清铜浓度呈正相关。检测血清铜,锌对白血病疗效的预测及判断预后有一定意义。     

下腰痛患者后路手术并发症的防治

目的：分析下腰痛患者后路手术并发症出现的原因，探讨防治办法。方法：回顾分析我科自１９８８～１９９８年６月间采用后路手术治疗下腰痛，即腰椎间盘突出症和／或腰椎管狭窄症患者５７０例的临床资料。结果：３３例发生术后并发症，发生率５．７９％，早期（术后２周以内）并发症１８例，晚期并发症１５例，但无一例并发神经根损伤。结论：除了术中操作技能外，术前严格掌握手术适应证，术后及时观察、早期功能锻炼，都有利于并发症的防治。     

A juvenile animal model to study the growth potential of bowel segments in the urinary tract

A juvenile animal model has been developed to study the growth potential of ileum in the urinary tract. Patch ileocystoplasties of known surface area were constructed in dogs of Group 1. Nonrefluxing ileal nipple valves of known length were created to replace one ureter in dogs of Group 2. After the juvenile animals grew and at minimum doubled their weight, they were reoperated and augmentation surface areas were remeasured at various physiologic intravesical pressures. Nipple valve lengths were remeasured after cystograms ruled out reflux. Results show that the bowel augmentation and an identical control segment increased in surface area proportionate to animal growth and that hydrostatic dilation caused further surface area increase. Nipple valves did not grow and in fact shortened, but remained nonrefluxing. The conclusion is that in the pediatric population, consideration should be given to downscaling the size of bladder augmentations or diversions in anticipation of future bowel growth, but that one should not shorten the ileal nipple valves.     

Calculation of cyclic voltammetric responses for the catalytic reduction of substrates via intramolecular electron transfer within a catalyst-substrate complex formed on electrode surfaces

Cyclic voltammetric responses are calculated for the case where the reduction of a substrate proceeds only via intramolecular electron transfer to the substrate molecule when it is bound to reduced catalyst molecules present in a single monolayer on the electrode surface. The dependences of the voltammetric responses on the equilibrium constant for the formation of the catalyst-substrate complex, the rate of its formation and the rate of intramolecular electron transfer are discussed. Procedures are described for estimating the rate constant for the intramolecular electron transfer reaction and for discriminating between mechanistic possibilities.     

胆管残余结石的内镜治疗(附306例分析)

目的：探讨内镜治疗肝内外胆管残余结石的效果。方法：对1994年1月～2004年1月间306例胆道残余结石的治疗效果进行回顾性分析，采用十二指肠镜127例，胆道镜116例，经皮经肝胆道镜(PTCS)63例。结果：306例．1中有286例成功(93．46％)。十二指肠镜治疗127例成功125例；胆道镜经T管窦道治疗116例，成功109例；PTCS治疗肝内结石63例，成功52例。结论：内镜治疗肝内外胆道结石效果显著，可使绝大多数患者避免再次手术。     

远程报警器在细胞培养机上的应用

细胞培养机远程报警器是用于生物制品细胞培养工序中,监测细胞培养机是否正常运行的一种远程报警装置.常规报警装置一般只能实现就地声光报警,缺乏远程电话报警功能.本文介绍的报警装置弥补了常规报警装置的不足,不但能实现细胞培养机停转后的现场声光报警,还实现了远程异地报警.远程报警器使操作人员在任何地方都可获得细胞培养机发生停转故障的信息,不但使操作人员从单一低效的就地监检值班中解脱出来,而且还能及时返回机房排除故障,避免或减少产品损失.此外,报警器还可用于温度监测及超温远程报警,即可同时监测细胞培养机是否停转和恒温孵室是否超温,本文介绍的远程报警器为大规模细胞培养提供了更为有效、更为可靠的监测管理手段.     

关节镜辅助下的同种异体半月板移植(附4例术后20个月以上随访报告)

目的:介绍同种异体半月板移植并总结4例关节镜辅助下的同种异体半月板移植的初步临床效果。材料和方法:2005年6月～7月,4例半月板切除术后的患者接受关节镜辅助的同种异体半月板移植手术,其中男性3例、女性1例,平均年龄30.78±7.71岁(21.5～38.5岁)。3例内侧半月板移植,1例外侧半月板移植。随访采用症状询问,体征检查,IKDC、Lysholm和Tegner评分及KT2000测量关节稳定性的方法。4例患者均每半年进行一次X线片及MRI检查,分别观察膝关节的关节间隙改变及移植半月板状态。对所得结果,因病例只有4例,故只进行数据描述,不进行统计学分析。结果:对4例患者均进行了平均21.80±0.81(20～22)个月的随访。所有患者随访时关节活动度均正常,均无明显的膝关节疼痛和肿胀,原来长时间活动后被切除半月板的间室不适完全消失。患者可以胜任日常活动和体育锻炼,无并发症出现。IKDC、Lysholm、Tegner评分均较术前明显提高。KT2000测量发现术后膝关节的稳定性有所改善。X线片检查提示术后患者关节间隙无明显变化。每半年一次的MRI检查提示移植半月板术后1年时替代存活已经很好。结论:关节镜辅助下的同种异体半月板移植安全可行,半月板移植可缓解半月板切除后出现的关节疼痛、肿胀等症状,促进关节功能恢复并使膝关节的稳定性有所改善。     

应用抗凝剂的心脏瓣膜置换患者接受胆道手术的术前处理

目的总结瓣膜置换患者行胆道手术的术前用药方法。方法对38例瓣膜置换后在服用华法令过程中因胆道疾病需行择期手术治疗的患者随机分为2组,肝功能正常组(A组)23例、肝功能不正常组(B组)15例均于术前3d停服华法令,B组术前12h肌注VitK110mg。术前无应用华法令历史的患者115例做为对照组。结果38例患者停药2d后A组血浆凝血酶原时间与对照组差异无显著意义,B组于术前12h肌注VitK110mg后,血浆凝血酶原时间与对照组相比差异也无显著性意义。结论瓣膜置换患者在抗凝期间行胆道手术,只要准备充分,围手术期是安全的。     

Prevalence of knee abnormalities in patients with osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament injury identified with peripheral magnetic resonance imaging: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To assess, with a peripheral magnetic resonance imaging system (pMRI), the prevalence of bony and soft tissue abnormalities in the knee joints of normal subjects, osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and individuals who have suffered an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture; and 2) to compare the prevalence among groups. METHODS: Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 28 healthy, 32 OA, and 26 ACL damaged knees were acquired with a 1.0-T pMRI system. Two radiologists graded the presence and severity of 9 MR image features: cartilage degeneration, osteophytes, subchondral cyst, bone marrow edema, meniscal abnormality, ligament integrity, loose bodies, popliteal cysts, and joint effusion. RESULTS: Ten of 28 healthy (35.7%), 24 of 26 ACL (92.3%), and all OA knees (100%) showed prevalent cartilage defects; 5 healthy (17.9%), 20 ACL (76.9%), and all OA knees (100%) had osteophytes; and 9 normal (32.1%), 21 ACL (80.8%), and 29 OA knees (90.6%) had meniscal abnormalities. One-half of the knees in the OA group (16 of 32, 50%) had subchondral cysts, and almost one-half had bone marrow edema (15 of 32, 46.9%). These features were not common in the ACL group (7.7%, and 11.5%, respectively) and were not observed in healthy knees. The OA group had the most severe cartilage defects, osteophytes, bone marrow edema, subchondral cysts, and meniscal abnormalities; the ACL group showed more severe cartilage defects, osteophytes, and meniscal abnormalities than did normal subjects. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that knees that have sustained ACL damage have OA-like reatures; most subjects (19 of 26, 73.1%) could be identified as in the early stage of OA. The prominent abnormalities present in ACL-damaged knees are cartilage defects, osteophytes, and meniscal abnormalities.     

基于美军二战海战减员数据的校正

目的：通过对二战减员数据的校正，为下一步建立海战减员预计模型提供数据支持．方法：选取美军在二战太平洋海战中的减员数据作为研究的基本资料，通过专家咨询法(Delph method)对其进行校正，所有结果都对其进行了t检验．结果：水面舰艇遭受炸弹、舰炮及航空火炮、短程导弹、鱼雷和水雷的攻击时减员将减少，遭受中程导弹攻击时减员将会增加．结论：该校正结果可作为研究未来海战卫生减员预计的基本依据之一．