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61.
Arif JM; Gairola CG; Glauert HP; Kelloff GJ; Lubet RA; Gupta RC 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(8):1515-1517
The present study investigated the effects of dietary oltipraz on cigarette
smoke-related lipophilic DNA adduct formation. Female Sprague- Dawley rats
were exposed daily to sidestream cigarette smoke in a whole- body exposure
chamber 6 h/day for 4 consecutive weeks. One group of rats was maintained
on control diet while another group received the same diet supplemented
with either a low (167 p.p.m.) or high (500 p.p.m.) dose of oltipraz,
starting 1 week prior to initiation of smoke exposure until the end of the
experiment. Analysis of lipophilic DNA adducts by the nuclease P1-mediated
32P-post-labeling showed up to five smoke-related adducts. Adduct no. 5
predominated in both the lung and the heart while adduct nos 3 and 2
predominated in the trachea and bladder, respectively. Quantitative
analysis revealed that the total adduct level was the highest in lungs
(270+/-68 adducts/10(10) nucleotides), followed by trachea (196+/-48
adducts/10(10) nucleotides), heart (141+/-22 adducts/10(10) nucleotides)
and bladder (85+/-16 adducts/10(10) nucleotides). High dose oltipraz
treatment reduced the adduct levels in lungs and bladder by >60%, while
the reduction in lungs in the low-dose group was approximately 35%. In
trachea, the effect of low and high dietary oltipraz on smoke DNA adduction
was equivocal, while smoke-related DNA adducts in the heart were minimally
inhibited by high-dose oltipraz. In a repeat experiment that employed a
3-fold lower dose of cigarette smoke, oltipraz (500 p.p.m.) was found to
inhibit the formation of DNA adducts in rat lungs and trachea by 80 and
65%, respectively. These data clearly demonstrate a high efficacy of
oltipraz in inhibiting the formation of cigarette smoke-induced DNA adducts
in the target tissues.
相似文献
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RA D. Wüstenberg 《Der Gyn?kologe》2006,39(10):824-828
Some of the girls who live in Germany and have Muslim parents are threatened by female genital mutilation. This report describes the kinds and medical consequences of female genital mutilation as well as the criminal judgement. Female genital mutilation is considered as dangerous bodily harm, not as grievous bodily harm. Consent does not justify the infringement of rights. The argument that Islam justifies the infringement of rights is irrelevant by law. The human right of bodily intactness has priority over the right of religious freedom. Finally the legal regulations about dealing with personal data are presented. A legal compulsory registration still does not exist. 相似文献
65.
Gregory D Kirk Paul C Turner Yunyun Gong Olufunmilayo A Lesi Maimuna Mendy James J Goedert Andrew J Hall Hilton Whittle Pierre Hainaut Ruggero Montesano Christopher P Wild 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2005,14(2):373-379
High rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in The Gambia, West Africa, are primarily due to a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and heavy aflatoxin exposure via groundnut consumption. We investigated genetic polymorphisms in carcinogen-metabolizing (GSTM1, GSTT1, HYL1*2) and DNA repair (XRCC1) enzymes in a hospital-based case-control study. Incident HCC cases (n = 216) were compared with frequency-matched controls (n = 408) with no clinically apparent liver disease. Although the prevalence of variant genotypes was generally low, in multivariable analysis (adjusting for demographic factors, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and TP53 status), the GSTM1-null genotype [odds ratio (OR), 2.45; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.21-4.95] and the heterozygote XRCC1-399 AG genotype (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.35-7.51) were significantly associated with HCC. A weak association of the HYL1*2 polymorphism with HCC was observed but did not reach statistical significance. GSTT1 was not associated with HCC. The risk for HCC with null GSTM1 was most prominent among those with the highest groundnut consumption (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.45-15.1) and was not evident among those with less than the mean groundnut intake (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.20-2.02). Among participants who had all three suspected aflatoxin-related high-risk genotypes [GSTM1 null, HLY1*2 (HY/HH), and XRCC1 (AG/GG)], a significant 15-fold increased risk of HCC was observed albeit with imprecise estimates (OR, 14.7; 95% CI, 1.27-169). Our findings suggest that genetic modulation of carcinogen metabolism and DNA repair can alter susceptibility to HCC and that these effects may be modified by environmental factors. 相似文献
66.
Graham Norquay Guilhem J Collier Oliver I Rodgers Andrew B Gill Nicholas J Screaton Jim Wild 《The British journal of radiology》2022,95(1132)
ObjectivesDesign and build a portable xenon-129 (129Xe) hyperpolariser for clinically accessible 129Xe lung MRI.MethodsThe polariser system consists of six main functional components: (i) a laser diode array and optics; (ii) a B0 coil assembly; (iii) an oven containing an optical cell; (iv) NMR and optical spectrometers; (v) a gas-handling manifold; and (vi) a cryostat within a permanent magnet. All components run without external utilities such as compressed air or three-phase electricity, and require just three mains sockets for operation. The system can be manually transported in a lightweight van and rapidly installed on a small estates footprint in a hospital setting.ResultsThe polariser routinely provides polarised 129Xe for routine clinical lung MRI. To test the concept of portability and rapid deployment, it was transported 200 km, installed at a hospital with no previous experience with the technology and 129Xe MR images of a diagnostic quality were acquired the day after system transport and installation.ConclusionThis portable 129Xe hyperpolariser system could form the basis of a cost-effective platform for wider clinical dissemination and multicentre evaluation of 129Xe lung MR imaging.Advances in knowledgeOur work successfully demonstrates the feasibility of multicentre clinical 129Xe MRI with a portable hyperpolariser system. 相似文献
67.
R Pettengell C Donatti P Hoskin C Poynton P J Kettle B Hancock S Johnson M J S Dyer S Rule M Walker D Wild 《Annals of oncology》2008,19(3):570-576
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between disease activity and health functioning, as measured by a range of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 222 patients with FL were recruited from eight sites across the UK and they completed a number of PRO measures. The participants were analyzed across five disease states: 'active disease-newly diagnosed', 'active disease-relapsed', 'partial response', 'complete response' and 'disease free'. The relationship between these disease states and their level of health functioning was assessed as well as the relationship between being 'on' or 'off' chemotherapy and disease state. RESULTS: In terms of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), participants in the relapsed category had the lowest mean physical well-being, emotional well-being, functional well-being and social well-being score. In a regression analysis, the 'active disease-relapsed' group acted as a significant predictor for each PRO variable. In addition, the remission group acted as a significant predictor of high anxiety scores as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that various aspects of patient-reported health outcomes differ according to disease state in patients with FL. For those patients who have relapsed, they are more likely to experience worse HRQoL and other patient-reported health outcomes than patients newly diagnosed, in partial or complete remission or when completely disease free. 相似文献
68.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome: an evidence-based approach to evaluation and management of diabetes and cardiovascular risks for today's clinician 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This review systematically addresses the evidence confirming polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as a cardiovascular health threat. Literature in this area is void of long-term prospective studies to adequately evaluate outcome, but there is important evidence using surrogate markers for future development of and presence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in women with PCOS. In addition, this article reviews the evidence regarding evaluation and management of cardiovascular risk factors in the population of women with PCOS. We seek to review the literature to determine when or if recommendations for management of women with PCOS should deviate from guidelines for the population at large. 相似文献
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