Primary Breast Angiosarcoma: A Retrospective Study of 36 Cases from a Single Chinese Medical Institute with Clinicopathologic and Radiologic Correlations

The aim of this study was to present our experience with primary breast angiosarcoma (PBA) by describing a large series of cases with an emphasis on clinicopathologic and radiologic correlations. Thirty‐six cases of PBA diagnosed at our institution between 2006 and 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. All but one case occurred in women with a median age of 35.5 years. The majority of patients presented with a deeply located painless mass, whereas a minority manifested as diffuse enlargement or swelling of the breast. Magnetic resonance imaging showed poorly demarcated lesions with low signal intensity on T1‐weighted images, markedly high intensity on T2‐weighted images, and prolongation of enhancement upon dynamic study. Histologically, 19 cases (52.8%) were low grade, 12 cases (33.3%) were intermediate grade, and 5 cases (13.9%) were high grade. Follow‐up information was available for 27 patients and revealed local recurrence and/or metastasis in 16 patients (59.3%). Five patients (18.5%) died of the disease at a median interval of 20 months. Univariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation had effect on disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.005) but failed to predict overall survival (OS) (p = 0.645). The treatment modality was related to OS (p = 0.042) but not DFS (p = 0.131). The Cox proportional hazards regression model suggested that tumor differentiation was an independent predictor of DFS (p = 0.015). We hypothesize that tumor differentiation may be used as a prognostic factor for this rare malignancy. Clinicopathologic and radiologic correlation may help pathologists to arrive at the correct diagnosis of PBA.     

右美托咪定对老年患者全身麻醉术后认知功能障碍及炎症反应的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)对全身麻醉术后炎症反应及术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)的影响. 方法 选择行择期腹部手术全身麻醉患者60例,年龄60～75岁,采用随机数字表法分为Dex组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组30例,两组患者均采用咪达唑仑0.03～0.05 mg/kg、芬太尼2～3 μg/kg、丙泊酚0.5～1.5 mg/kg、顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg静脉注射进行麻醉诱导.D组在诱导前10 min内静脉泵入1μg/kg Dex,随后以0.2～0.7 μg·kg-1·h-1维持泵注,根据患者HR、BP等变化及时调整输注速率;C组则与D组相同时间和途径注入相同容积的生理盐水.分别于麻醉后手术前(T1)、手术结束后即刻(T2)、手术结束后24 h(T3)抽取静脉血测定血浆IL-6含量及外周血中性粒细胞NF-κB表达水平.术前1d或2d及术后第1、3、7天用简易智能量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)测定认知功能,使用简易精神测定表(abbreviated mental test,AMT)评定术后谵妄情况. 结果 13例患者出现POCD(21.67％),其中D组3例,C组10例,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组T2、T3时点外周血中性粒细胞NF-κB表达均较T1时增加(P＜0.05),但D组表达水平低于C组(P＜0.05).两组T2时点血浆IL-6水平均较T1时点明显升高(P＜0.01),且C组显著高于D组(P＜0.01);两组T3时点血浆IL-6水平较T2时点明显下降,但仍高于T1时点(P＜0.05),T3时点两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).D组外周血中性粒细胞NF-κB表达水平与血浆IL-6有良好的相关性(r=0.65,P＜0.01). 结论 POCD的发生可能与氧化应激反应有关,抑制NF-κB的激活可减少术后炎症反应及POCD的发生.     

MHD患者营养不良-炎症综合征与营养风险及生存质量的相关分析

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者营养不良-炎症综合征(malnutrition inflammation complex syndrome,MICS)与营养风险及生存质量的相关性.方法 选择在昆明医科大学第一附属医院和云南肾脏病医院接受血液透析治疗≥3个月的61例透析患者为研究对象,用NRS2002进行营养风险筛查,用营养不良-炎症评分(MIS)来判断其MICS,用SF-36量表进行生存质量调查.并根据MIS评分将存在MICS的患者分为轻度(MIS≤4)、中度(5≤MIS≤8)、重度(MIS≥9)三组.结果 ①MIS评分在有、无营养风险两组患者之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),与NRS2002评分正相关(r=0.612,P＜0.01);②不同MICS组间握力差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③三组MICS组间比较体力所致工作和生活受限得分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),MIS评分与SF-36总分、生理和心理领域、体能、体力所致工作和生活受限、社会功能呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);④有、无营养风险的两组MHD患者生存质量无差异(P＞0.05).结论 MHD患者营养风险越高其营养不良-炎症综合征越严重,营养不良-炎症综合征越严重其生存质量越差.     

GP73在肝癌患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞中的异常表达及其相关机制研究

目的 探讨肝癌患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞中高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)的异常表达及其对Th1/Th2/Th17亚型分化的影响.方法 选择该院2015年5月至2016年2月住院的肝癌患者50例为研究对象,50例健康志愿者作为对照.采集外周血并分离CD4+T淋巴细胞,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测CD4+T淋巴细胞中GP73表达水平;另将分选的20例健康者CD4+T淋巴细胞分别转染GP73小干扰RNA或过表达载体,实时荧光定量PCR及蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测CD4+T淋巴细胞中GP73及核因子κB(NF-κB)表达水平,ELISA检测上清液中白细胞介素4(IL-4)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素17(IL-17)的分泌水平.结果 肝癌患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞中GP73 mRNA的表达与健康者相比明显上调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).GP73过表达组NF-κB表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),GP73干扰组NF-κB表达水平明显降低(P<0.05).过表达GP73导致CD4+T淋巴细胞中IL-4、IL-17水平明显升高,IFN-γ水平明显降低(P<0.05);沉默GP73导致CD4+T淋巴细胞IL-4、IL-17水平明显降低,IFN-γ水平明显升高(P<0.05).结论 GP73在肝癌患者的外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞中过表达,而GP73很有可能通过激活N F-κB参与炎症反应,导致患者体内T h1/T h2/T 17失衡,促进肝癌的发生与发展.     

The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of posterior-only vertebral column resection (PVCR) for the treatment of angular and isolated congenital kyphosis

Purpose

The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of posterior-only vertebral column resection (PVCR) for the treatment of angular and isolated congenital kyphosis.

Methods

24 patients with isolated angular congenital kyphosis treated by PVCR in our hospital were retrospectively studied. The patients’ radiographs and hospital records were reviewed. Deformity in sagittal planes and global sagittal alignment were analyzed for correction and maintenance of the correction in preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up radiographs. The complications and related risk factors were analyzed.

Results

The average age was 13.9 (4–40) years. Three of them were revision surgeries. Two patients have intraspinal anomalies. The mean follow-up is 56.9 (26–129) months. The mean operation time was 293.1 (170–480) min. The averaged blood loss was 993.8 (250–3000) ml. The segmental kyphosis was 87.3° before surgery, 17.6° post surgery and 20.4° at the latest the follow-up. And the sagittal vertical axis was improved from 43.1 mm to 9.2 mm. Mean total score of SRS-22 was 89.3. Complications occurred in 4 patients, including 1 screw pullout due to pseudarthrosis, 1 proximal junctional kyphosis, 1 incomplete spinal cord injury and 1 root injuries.

Conclusion

Posterior-only vertebral column resection is an ideal procedure for severe rigid congenital kyphosis. However, it is still a highly technical demanding procedure. Neurological compromises still remain the biggest challenges. Sufficient height of anterior reconstruction, avoidance sacrifice of bilateral roots in the same level in the thoracic spine, avoidance of the sagittal translation of the upper and lower vertebras, intra-operative neuromonitoring, and preoperative surgical release of diastematomyelia and tethered cord may help to improve the safety.

     

Isoforskolin and forskolin attenuate lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation through TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB cascades in human mononuclear leukocytes

The principal active component of isoforskolin (ISOF) is from the plant Coleus forskohlii, native to China, which has attracted much attention for its biological effects. We hypothesize that ISOF and forskolin (FSK) pretreatment attenuates inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) related to toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling. Mononuclear leukocytes (MLs) from healthy donors' blood samples were separated by using density gradient centrifugation. Protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB were detected using western blot and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐21, IL‐23, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, and TNF‐β were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Quantibody array in MLs. Our results showed that LPS augmented the protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB in MLs and the production of IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐21, IL‐23, TNF‐α, and TNF‐β in supernatants of MLs. Despite treatment with ISOF and FSK prior to LPS, the protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF‐κB, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐21, IL‐23, TNF‐α, and TNF‐β in MLs were apparently decreased. roflumilast (RF) and dexamethasone (DM) had a similar effect on MLs with ISOF and FSK. Our results, for the first time, have shown that ISOF and FSK attenuate inflammation in MLs induced by LPS through down‐regulating protein levels of IL‐1β and TNF‐α, in which TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB signal pathway could be involved.