Small noncleaved cell lymphoma: an immunophenotypic study of 18 cases and comparison with large cell lymphoma

Eighteen cases of small noncleaved cell lymphoma (SNCL) were studied with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies applied to tissue frozen sections and compared with 18 cases of immunoglobulin-expressing diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL). Immunoglobulin expression was seen in all cases of SNCL, with a predominance of cases showing lambda light chain restriction. Expression of mu and delta heavy chains was common, but gamma and alpha chain expression was uncommon. In the cases of SNCL T015, B1, B2, 41H, BA-1, BA-2, Ia, CALLA, and OKT10 were generally expressed, and a large percentage of cells expressed Ki-67. Only rare expression of T05, Leu-8, and Leu-9 was seen, and in no case was reactivity with anti-Tac antibodies observed. In contrast, the immunoglobulin-expressing DLCLs showed the typical predominance of cases of kappa light chain restriction, a lower proportion of cases with mu or delta expression, and a higher proportion of cases with gamma expression. A lower incidence of Leu-8, T05, and Tac expression and a higher incidence of BA-1, CALLA, Ki-67 and OKT10 were seen in the SNCLs as compared with the DLCLs. It is concluded that immunologic studies may be of considerable aid in the differential diagnosis of SNCL and DLCL.     

Keratin proteins and carcinoembryonic antigen in synovial sarcomas: an immunohistochemical study of 24 cases

Twenty-four synovial sarcomas were examined for the presence of keratin proteins by an indirect immunoperoxidase method with paraffin-embedded tissues. Keratin proteins were identified in 16 of 24 cases (67 per cent). Both the pseudoglandular and spindle cell areas of all eight of the biphasic synovial sarcomas and the spindle cells of eight of the 16 monophasic synovial sarcomas contained keratin proteins. In spindle cell areas, staining was observed in single cells and small cords and clusters of cells in the absence of cleft formation or other evidence of a pseudoglandular component. The predominant cytologic staining pattern in all cases was peripheral, with localization of staining to the cell membrane or adjacent areas, but diffuse and focal cytoplasmic staining patterns were also observed. No staining for keratin proteins was seen in 101 control cases, including 52 sarcomas of various types. Carcinoembryonic antigen was also identified in four of the 24 synovial sarcomas by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The identification of keratin proteins may be helpful in the pathologic diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, particularly the spindle cell monophasic variant.     

Channel opening locks agonist onto the GABAC receptor

Determination of the activation mechanism of neurotransmitter-operated ion channels has been hindered by a limited understanding of the relationship between agonist binding and the gating of the integral ion pore. Here we describe a [3H]ligand binding assay that enables us to make repeated binding measurements from the same intact oocyte expressing recombinant human rho 1 GABAC receptors and directly correlate the binding kinetics with electrophysiological measurements. We have determined an association rate for GABA of about 10(5) M-1s-1; this is four orders of magnitude slower than diffusion, indicating GABA has restricted access to its binding site. We also demonstrate that GABA dissociates at two rates. Our data are consistent with the faster rate being the true microscopic dissociation rate of GABA, with the slower rate occurring because the opening of the pore detains agonist release.     

A Mott cell hybridoma

A hybridoma is described that exhibits all the characteristic features of Mott cells. It has spherules (Russell bodies) in the cytoplasm made up of dilated rough endoplasmatic reticulum and containing condensed immunoglobulin (λ₁ light chains). Some of the cells appear to be very fragile, and free spherules are often found on cell smears. Cells with the Mott cell characteristics are still able to divide, but they do not secrete immunoglobulin. Hybridomas of this kind should be useful for determining the place of the Mott cell within the scheme of B cell differentiation.     

The effects of antihypertensive therapy on left ventricular mass in elderly patients

Left ventricular mass sometimes decreases during treatment of hypertension, but this response is inconsistent and its effects on left ventricular function are unknown. In a six-month randomized trial, we studied the ability of verapamil and atenolol to reduce left ventricular mass in 42 elderly patients with hypertension and the effects of this reduction in mass on cardiac function. The mean blood pressure (+/- SE) decreased in both the group that received verapamil (from 171.4 +/- 3.2/93.0 +/- 2.5 mm Hg to 142.9 +/- 2.8/79.0 +/- 2.0 mm Hg) and the group that received atenolol (from 179.6 +/- 4.6/98.5 +/- 2.4 mm Hg to 148.1 +/- 3.3/83.4 +/- 1.2 mm Hg), but the atenolol-treated patients more frequently required the addition of chlorthalidone to achieve blood-pressure reduction (P less than 0.01). Verapamil resulted in a reduction in the left-ventricular-mass index from 104 +/- 5 g per square meter of body-surface area to 85 +/- 5 g per square meter (P less than 0.01). Atenolol did not produce a reduction in the left-ventricular-mass index (109 +/- 9 g per square meter before treatment vs. 112 +/- 10 g per square meter after treatment). Two weeks after the withdrawal of antihypertensive therapy, blood pressure returned to pretreatment values. Nevertheless, in patients whose left ventricular mass had decreased, two measures of diastolic filling, the peak diastolic filling rate to the peak ejection rate, were significantly higher than before treatment (2.42 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.31 +/- 0.4 [P less than 0.05] and 0.61 +/- 0.03 to 0.85 +/- 0.05 [P less than 0.05], respectively). Diastolic filling was unchanged in the group that had no reduction in left ventricular mass. Cardiac output and the ejection fraction at rest and during mild exercise were unchanged in both groups as compared with baseline values. We conclude that left ventricular mass can be reduced in elderly patients with hypertension and mild ventricular hypertrophy who receive antihypertensive therapy. Reduction occurs more frequently with verapamil than with atenolol therapy, increases diastolic filling, and does not impair systolic function.     

Long-term evaluation of five biomaterials for angioplastic enlargement of the pulmonary artery in a young dog model

In 45 young dogs an enlargement angioplasty of the left pulmonary artery was performed using patches made from one of three autologous materials (jugular vein, unmodified pericardium, and glycerolized pericardium) or from two heterologous materials (lyophilized human dura mater and modified bovine carotid artery). Catheterization and angiographic studies performed 5 to 6 months after the operation showed that all patched vessels had remained patent, except in three dogs which had received heterologous implants. The animals were killed 5-24 months after operation (mean weight increase: 84%), and the implants were studied by optical microscopy and morphometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence with antidog Factor VIII rabbit antiserum. The two heterologous tissues exhibited limited biocompatibility, as estimated from 10 criteria obtained at histologic studies. Conversely, all three autologous biomaterials were characterized by infiltration of noninflammatory cells, near-complete endothelialization, and neosynthesis of structural proteins; infectious foci were very rare or absent. These results suggest that autologous tissues, although deendothelialized at the time of implantation, constitute the most suitable material for patch angioplasty, as far as endothelial triggering, cellularity and resistance to infection are concerned.     

Chemical inhibition of foamyvirus in primary baboon (Papio cynocephalus) kidney cells

This report describes the conditions for the use of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in growth and maintenance media for the suppression or inhibition of simian foamyviruses (SFV) in primary baboon kidney (BAK) and rabbit kidney (RK) cell cultures. When RK cells were planted in medium containing AlCl3, infected with SFV, and passaged, the growth of SFV was suppressed or inhibited by the presence of AlCl3. With this method, BAK cells yielded higher viral titers after infection with various viruses, thus making these cells more suitable for virological applications.     

Complex chromosome rearrangements and congenital anomalies

Congenital complex chromosome rearrangements (CCR) compatible with life are rare in man. Thus patients with CCR usually present considerable diagnostic difficulties both clinically and cytogenetically. We studied a 12-year-old mentally retarded male with minor congenital anomalies as described below and his first-degree relatives. The propositus had an unbalanced karyotype with eight break points and seven derivative chromosomes; two deletions, del(6) (q25----qter) and del(14) (q31----qter), and four translocations, t(2;11), t(5;15), t(6;11), t(6;20) were present. Parental chromosomes were normal; however, the mother had a few metaphases with abnormal chromosomes suggestive of chromosome instability. These findings and a review of reported patients with CCR are presented with regard to speculations about etiology, pathogenesis, phenotypic expression, and prognosis. Physicians should be aware of CCR and broader indications for cytogenetic studies appear warranted in view of these data.     

Chronic changes in male rats' hormone-sensitive systems after suprathreshold pulses of testosterone

Adult male rats were castrated and maintained on daily SC injections of a threshold amount (200 micrograms) of testosterone propionate (TP). To mimic naturally occurring pulses of suprathreshold testicular hormones in intact males, animals in the experimental groups also received either one (single TP) or five (multiple TP) injections of 800 micrograms TP over 12 days. The rats were examined on the following day (acute) or 15 days later (chronic) for changes in hormone-sensitive behavior, physiology, and morphology. The hypothesis tested was that the hormonal pulses function to provoke chronic changes in substrates underlying the reproductive system. The results were that multiple doses of suprathreshold TP provoked acute modifications in aggressive behavior, sex accessory glands, and glans penis integrity. Chronic changes were observed in sex accessory gland functioning and penile morphology, particularly in the size of penile papillae. A single exposure to suprathreshold TP was considerably less effective, though there was some evidence of acute changes in sex accessory glands and chronic changes in penile papillae. There was substantial variation in the responses of individual animals, particularly the chronic responses. The data were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis.     

Detection of Epstein-Barr viral genomes in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease

We used slot blot hybridization, Southern blot hybridization, and in situ hybridization to investigate the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes in biopsy tissues from patients with Hodgkin's disease. Slot blot hybridization performed on DNA of tissue specimens from 16 patients revealed that biopsy tissue from 3 (19 percent) contained EBV DNA. Southern blot hybridization with a DNA probe containing the 500-base-pair tandem repeated sequences located at the termini of the EBV genome confirmed the findings of the slot blot hybridization in the three positive tissue specimens and indicated the monoclonality of the EBV-infected cells in such tissues. In situ hybridization performed on the three positive specimens and on two from a previous study localized EBV nucleic acid to the Reed-Sternberg cells and variants in all specimens, with intense hybridization to Reed-Sternberg cells in two, less intense but consistent hybridization to Reed-Sternberg cells in two, and focal hybridization to Reed-Sternberg cells in one. We conclude that EBV genomes are present within Reed-Sternberg cells and variants in some patients with Hodgkin's disease and that the infected cells are monoclonal.