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Dr. Daniel J. Pilowsky MD MPH Ms. Nancy Sohler MPH Dr. Ezra Susser MD DrPH 《Journal of urban health》2000,77(4):723-734
The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the reasons given by mothers diagnosed with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome) for disclosing or not disclosing their HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) status to their children, a dilemma faced
by most HIV-infected parents and those who counsel them. We interviewed 29 mothers residing in one of two New York City facilities
that provide housing and medical treatment for adults with AIDS. The majority of these mothers do not live with their children,
but all had recent face-to-face contact with them. The two reasons most frequently considered important for disclosing to
children were that disclosure was the “right thing to do” and the need to make arrangements for children's future in case
of maternal death or incapacity. The reason most frequently considered important for not disclosing was maternal concern about
discussing death and dying with children. These findings have significant implications for counseling of HIV-positive parents. 相似文献
74.
The interaction of cortico‐spinal pathways and sacral sphincter reflexes in subjects with incomplete spinal cord injury: A pilot study
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75.
Kai-Henrik Peiffer Johannes Vermehren Lisa Kuhnhenn Simone Susser Julia Dietz Fabian Finkelmeier Nina Weiler Tania Welzel Georgios Grammatikos Stefan Zeuzem Christoph Sarrazin 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2018,24(7):524-530
Aim
Different combinations of direct antiviral agents (DAA) lead to high SVR rates in HCV genotype 1 infected patients. However, presence of baseline resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) represents a major risk factor for treatment failure. It is unknown whether choice of treatment based on RASs has the potential to decrease virologic failure rates.Methods
Population-based sequencing of NS3 and NS5A genes was performed in HCV genotype 1 infected patients at a German university hospital. Treatment was individually selected based on resistance analyses.Results
In total, 319 patients (50% treatment-experienced and 30% with cirrhosis) were included. With the treatment choice based on the baseline NS3 and NS5A resistance profile SVR rates between 96 and 100% were observed in all subgroups, including treatment-experienced patients with cirrhosis and HCV genotype 1a infected cirrhotic patients.Conclusions
The choice of treatment based on the RASs status at baseline may be beneficial for optimizing treatment efficacy in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and risk factors for treatment failure. 相似文献76.
Mary Beth Terry Julie Flom Parisa Tehranifar Ezra Susser 《Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology》2009,23(5):431-445
Epidemiological studies investigating associations between early life factors and adult health are often limited to studying exposures that can be reliably recalled in adulthood or obtained from existing medical records. There are few US studies with detailed data on the pre‐ and postnatal environment whose study populations are now in adulthood; one exception is the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). We contacted former female participants of the New York site of the CPP who were born from 1959 to 1963 and were prospectively followed for 7 years to examine whether the pre‐ and postnatal environment is associated with adult health in women 40 years after birth. The New York CPP cohort is particularly diverse; at enrolment, the race/ethnicity distribution of mothers was approximately 30% White, 40% Black and 30% Puerto Rican. Of the 841 eligible women, we successfully traced 375 women (45%) and enrolled 262 women (70% of those traced). Baseline data were available for all eligible women, and we compared those who participated with the remaining cohort (n = 579). Higher family socio‐economic status at age 7, availability of maternal social security number, and White race/ethnicity were statistically significantly associated with a higher probability of tracing. Of those traced, race/ethnicity was associated with participation, with Blacks and Puerto Ricans less likely to participate than Whites (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3, 0.8, and OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3, 1.0, respectively). In addition, higher weight at 7 years was associated with lower participation (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92, 0.99), but this association was observed only among the non‐White participants. None of the other maternal characteristics, infant or early childhood growth measures was associated with participation or with tracing, either overall or within each racial/ethnic subgroup. Daughters’ recall of early life factors such as pre‐eclampsia (sensitivity = 24%) and birthweight were generally poor, with the latter varying by category of birthweight with the highest sensitivity for the largest babies (81%) and the lowest sensitivity for the smallest babies (54%). These data reinforce the need to rejuvenate existing birth cohorts with prospective data for life course studies of adult health. Understanding the factors that are associated with tracing and participation in these existing cohorts will help in interpreting the validity and generalisability of the findings from these invaluable cohorts. 相似文献
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Ethnic density of neighborhoods and incidence of psychotic disorders among immigrants 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Veling W Susser E van Os J Mackenbach JP Selten JP Hoek HW 《The American journal of psychiatry》2008,165(1):66-73
OBJECTIVE: A high incidence of psychotic disorders has been reported in immigrant ethnic groups in Western Europe. Some studies suggest that ethnic density may influence the incidence of schizophrenia. The authors investigated whether this increased incidence among immigrants depends on the ethnic density of the neighborhoods in which they live. METHOD: This was a prospective first-contact incidence study of psychotic disorders in The Hague, by ethnicity and neighborhood of residence. Over a 7-year period, individuals who made contact with a physician for a suspected psychotic disorder underwent diagnostic interviews and received DSM-IV diagnoses. A comprehensive municipal registration system provided the denominator for incidence rates. Data were sufficient to examine incidence rates in native Dutch and in first- and second-generation immigrants from Morocco, Suriname, and Turkey. The ethnic density of a neighborhood was computed for each immigrant group as the proportion of residents belonging to that group. Multilevel regression analyses predicted the incidence of psychotic disorders as a function of individual ethnicity and neighborhood ethnic density. Models were fitted for all immigrants together and for each immigrant group separately. RESULTS: A total of 226 native Dutch and 240 immigrants were diagnosed as having a psychotic disorder. Compared with native Dutch, the adjusted incidence rate ratio for immigrants was significantly increased in low-ethnic-density neighborhoods (2.36) but not in high-ethnic-density neighborhoods (1.25). There was a strong interaction between individual ethnicity and neighborhood ethnic density as predictors of incidence of illness. These findings were consistent across all immigrant groups. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of psychotic disorders was elevated most significantly among immigrants living in neighborhoods where their own ethnic group comprised a small proportion of the population. 相似文献
79.
Waddington JL Brown AS Lane A Schaefer CA Goetz RR Bresnahan M Susser ES 《The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science》2008,192(4):264-267
BACKGROUND: Adversities operating over intrauterine life have been associated with risk of schizophrenia, but the biology of resultant developmental perturbation is poorly understood. AIMS: To examine the relationship of congenital anomalies and related functional impairments in infancy to risk of schizophrenia. METHOD: Using the Congenital Anomalies data-set from the Prenatal Determinants of Schizophrenia birth cohort, congenital anomalies and related functional impairments were categorised and related to subsequent risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. RESULTS: The presence of any hypothesis-based congenital anomaly or related functional impairment was associated with a doubling of risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. In contrast, having any other congenital anomaly or related functional impairment was not associated with risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These findings constitute evidence for early events, which may result from both genetic predisposition and environmental insults, in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. 相似文献
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