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311.
An inordinately high rate of renal complications was encountered among 35 patients treated for thrombotic or thromboembolic occlusion of the leg by injection of streptokinase into a bypass graft or native artery. Five patients demonstrated massive myoglobinuria following restoration of flow to ischemic and necrotic tissues; acute tubular necrosis developed in 2 of them, and 1 patient died as a result of renal shutdown, electrolyte imbalance, hypofibrinogenemia, and mediastinal and retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Massive myoglobinuria was also noted in 5 out of 13 patients with compartment syndrome but no evidence of ischemic necrosis. This complication could be lessened by fasciotomy and resection of the upper third of the fibula. Although myoglobinuria and complications such as acute tubular necrosis are only rarely reported, they are not unexpected following muscular ischemia. Attempts to salvage irreparably damaged tissues by re-establishing circulation appear to carry an unacceptably high risk of renal complications and may even threaten the life of the patient. 相似文献
312.
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314.
F. CELSING J. SVEDENHAG P. PIHLSTEDT B. EK BLOM 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》1987,129(1):47-54
Increasing the haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) improves the oxygen transport capacity but it also increases the viscosity of the blood. The influence of changes in [Hb] and viscosity on submaximal exercise capacity and maximal aerobic power was investigated in eight healthy males in varying states of training and with a normal resting [Hb] ([Hb]r), ranging from 123 to 178 g]-1. The subjects were venesected five times (450 ml per unit) and exercise tests were performed in the anaemic state. After 5–7 weeks, when [Hb] had returned to the ‘normal’ value, a stepwise re-transfusion of three to five units of blood was performed with exercise tests after each transfusion. The [Hb]r was 137 ± 15 g l-1 in the anaemic state (A) and 170 ± 16 g l-1 after the last re-transfusion (LT). The Vo2max rose from 3.94 ± 0.35 in A to 4.68 ± 0.30 1 min-1 after LT. Individual regression lines for [Hb] and Vo2max revealed a mean increase in Vo2max of 19 ± 6 ml min-1 per g l-1 change in [Hb]. This value did not differ between individuals with high and low normal [Hb]. Furthermore, in intra-individual comparisons the relationship between [Hb] and Vo2max in high and low individual [Hb] ranges was not found to be statistically different despite a 40% increase in the in vitro viscosity from the anaemic to the polycythaemic state. The average individual correlation (based on five to seven measurements) between [Hb] at rest and after exercise and Vo2max was r= 0.89 (P > 0.01) in the former case and r= 0.92 (P > 0.01) in the latter. The running velocity corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mM (VHla4.0) increased from 15.3 ± 2.3 in the control state to 15.6±2.3 km h1 after the last transfusion (P > 0.01). A leftward shift of the blood lactate curve, expressed as a percentage of Vo2max, was found. In conclusion, the results obtained indicate a close relationship between Vo2max and [Hb] up to at least 170 g l-1. Furthermore, both inter-and intra-individual comparisons suggest that the influence of viscosity as such on Vo2max does not differ at high and low [Hb] levels. 相似文献
315.
The plasminogen activation cascade is thought to play a critical role in
labour-associated remodelling events, such as fetal membrane rupture and
placental separation. The aim of this study was to quantify, by Northern
analysis, the gene expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (UPA),
urokinase receptor (UPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2
(PAI-2) in human gestational tissues. Amnion, choriodecidua and placenta
were collected from women before, during and after spontaneous-onset labour
at term. The expression of UPAR mRNA was significantly (P < 0.05)
increased in amnion tissue during and after labour and delivery, compared
with the before-labour group. In contrast, UPAR gene expression in
choriodecidua and placenta was not significantly altered in association
with labour onset. PAI-2 mRNA expression was also significantly (P <
0.05) increased in amnion after labour. No statistically significant
differences were observed in choriodecidua or placenta PAI-2 mRNA with
labour onset. Neither was any significant effect of labour status on UPA
mRNA identified in any of the tissues examined. This study is the first to
describe a significant increase in UPAR and PAI-2 gene expression in human
amnion tissue with labour. These data are consistent with the hypothesis
that, during labour, up-regulation of UPAR expression in amnion serves to
localize active UPA at the cell surface, thereby increasing proteolytic
activity in fetal membranes. Increased PAI-2 in amnion after labour may
provide a regulatory 'switch' to cease further proteolysis in this tissue
type. In conclusion, the data obtained support the proposal that the
plasminogen activation cascade contributes to the rupture of fetal
membranes during active labour.
相似文献
316.
317.
We estimated risk of suicide in adults in New South Wales (NSW) by sex, country of birth and rural/urban residence, after adjusting for age; we also examined youth suicide (age 15-24 years). The study population was the entire population of NSW, Australia, aged > or =15 years during the period 1985-1994. Poisson regression was used to examine the relationship between predictor variables and the risk of suicide, with the focus on migrant status and area of residence. A significantly higher risk of suicide was found in male migrants from Northern Europe and Eastern Europe/former USSR, compared to Australian-born males; a significantly lower suicide risk occurred in males from Southern Europe, the Middle East and Asia. In female migrants, those from UK/Eire, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe/former USSR and New Zealand exhibited a significantly higher risk of suicide compared to Australian-born females. A significantly lower risk of suicide occurred in females from the Middle East. Male migrants overall were at significantly lower risk of suicide than the Australian-born, while female migrants overall had a significantly higher risk of suicide than Australian-born females. Among migrant males overall, the rural-urban suicide risk differential was significantly higher for those living in non-metropolitan areas (RR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.7-2.1). Suicide risk was significantly higher in non-metropolitan male immigrants from the UK/Eire (RR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.7), Southern Europe (RR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2-2.4), Northern/Western Europe (1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.9), the Middle East (RR = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.9-7.8), New Zealand (RR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.8) and 'other' (RR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.9-3.5), when compared to their urban counterparts. There was no statistically significant difference in suicide risk between rural and urban Australian-born males. For female suicide, significantly lower risk was found in female immigrants living in non-metropolitan areas who were from Northern/Western Europe (RR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.4-0.96), as well as the Australian-born (RR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.8), when compared to their urban counterparts. The non-metropolitan/metropolitan relative risk for suicide in female migrants overall was not significantly different from one. Among male youth there was a significantly higher suicide risk in non-metropolitan areas, with a relative risk estimate of 1.4 for Australian-born youth (95% CI: 1.2-1.5) and 1.7 for migrant youth (95% CI: 1.2-2.4), when compared with metropolitan counterparts. We conclude that suicide among migrant males living in non-metropolitan areas accounts for most of the excess of male suicide in rural NSW, and the significantly lower risk of suicide for non-metropolitan Australian-born women does not apply to migrant women. 相似文献
318.
RH Fraser ; G Inglis ; JC Allan ; MT Murphy ; EK Allan ; A Mackie ; R Mitchell 《Transfusion》1990,30(3):226-229
A directly agglutinating murine monoclonal antibody of the IgG3 isotype has been produced after mice were immunized with papain-treated Bombay phenotype, e-positive red cells (RBCs). The antibody strongly agglutinated all e-positive RBCs and gave negative reactions with RBCs from Rhnull persons and those homozygous for Rh deletion genes. Variable reactivity was found with e-negative RBCs, ranging from weak to negative with R2R2, slightly stronger with r"r", and stronger still with RzRz. These reactions, together with results from tests with a large panel of Rh-variant RBCs, suggested a specificity for an epitope that is part of the e mosaic but is also expressed at least partially on e-negative RBCs and is influenced by the presence of C. This antibody has been standardized for use as a screening reagent for R2R2 cells by a microplate technique, and over 6000 donations have been screened in this way. No discrepancies have been found in confirmatory tests for e-negative status using human anti-e. 相似文献
319.
JAN JANOUEK M.D. Ph .D. ROMAN A. GEBAUER M.D. † 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》2008,31(S1):S21-S23
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an emerging option for treating dyssynchrony-associated heart failure in patients with pediatric or congenital heart disease. CRT has proved beneficial for both the acute manipulation of cardiac output after surgery for congenital heart defects and for the management of chronic systemic ventricular failure. Although there are no prospective and randomized trial data, retrospective series show that CRT is similarly effective for managing dyssynchrony-associated heart failure in this younger population as it is for treating adults with ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The heterogeneity of anatomical and functional substrates in which CRT shows efficacy calls for further studies defining the usefulness of CRT in specific subgroups of patients. 相似文献
320.
EK Elumalai M Ramachandran T Thirumalai P Vinothkumar 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(5):406-408