流式细胞术的培训实践及技术平台建设探讨

流式细胞分析技术(flow cytometry,FCM),又称流式细胞术,是一种在功能水平上对单细胞或其他生物粒子进行定量分析和分选的技术,具有广泛的科研应用价值.采用理论与实践并举,结合讨论的教学方式,在教师队伍开设针对性的培训课程,对深刻理解并在科研工作中有效利用该技术具有及其重要意义.同时以教学促科研,以科研促技...     

Biological resurfacing of the knee: a review of surgical management

Lesions of the articular surfaces of the knee have been managed by various techniques over the last 50 years. Surgical management has involved: excising the damaged area, refashioning the underlying bone to produce a fibrous response, and introducing allograft, autograft and synthetic materials to encourage a repair matrix. The techniques and their pitfalls are reviewed and discussed, and suggestions made as to the direction of future studies for the repair of osteochondral lesions in the painful knee.     

Comparison of isolation of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale) from peptone-starch-dextrose agar and Columbia colistin-nalidoxic acid agar.

A total of 447 cervical or vaginal specimens were inoculated in parallel onto peptone-starch-dextrose (PSD) and Columbia colistin (10 mg/ml)-nalidixic acid (15 mug/ml) (CNA) agar and were incubated for 48 h at 35 degrees C in an atmosphere with 2 to 10% CO2. One hundred (22.4%) of the cultures were positive for Haemophilus vaginalis. Forty-eight of the isolates were recovered from both PSD and Columbia CNA agar, five from PSD only, and 47 from Columbia CNA agar only (P less than 0.001). On Columbia CNA agar, 76 of the isolates were detected after 24 h of incubation, and the remainder were detected within 4 days of incubation.     

Is fecundability associated with month of birth? An analysis of 19th and early 20th century family reconstitution data from The Netherlands

The relationship between fecundability and month of birth was investigated in a cohort of 1526 women who married between 1802 and 1929, using only women whose first marriage occurred before the age of 35 years. On the basis of their time to pregnancy (TTP, calculated as time between wedding and first birth minus gestational length), women were categorized into two groups: fecunds (TTP up to 12 months or prenuptial conceptions, n = 1348) and subfecunds (TTP >18 months, n = 118). By use of logistic regression, cosinor functions with a period of 1 year or 6 months and variable shift and amplitude were fitted through the monthly odds of subfecunds versus fecunds. The best fitting curve was unimodal, with a zenith in September (P = 0.13 for H0: no differences). Exclusion of childless women (n = 36, minimum follow-up 5 years) from the subfecunds led to a similar curve (P < 0.01), while childless women, as compared with fecunds, showed a birth distribution that was best represented with a bimodal curve with zeniths in January and July (P = 0.06). This study provides evidence for the existence of differences in fecundability by month of birth. The cause of this relationship is unclear, but may lie in a melatonin-dependent circannual variability of the quality of the oocyte.      

The CTLA-4 gene region of chromosome 2q33 is linked to, and associated with, type 1 diabetes. Belgian Diabetes Registry

Susceptibility to autoimmune insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus is determined by a combination of environmental and genetic factors, which include variation in MHC genes on chromosome 6p21 (IDDM1) and the insulin gene on chromosome 11p15 (IDDM2). However, linkage to IDDM1 and IDDM2 cannot explain the clustering of type 1 diabetes in families, and a role for other genes is inferred. In the present report we describe linkage and association of type 1 diabetes to the CTLA-4 gene (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated-4) on chromosome 2q33 (designated IDDM12). CTLA-4 is a strong candidate gene for T cell- mediated autoimmune disease because it encodes a T cell receptor that mediates T cell apoptosis and is a vital negative regulator of T cell activation. In addition, we provide supporting evidence that CTLA-4 is associated with susceptibility to Graves' disease, another organ- specific autoimmune disease.      

Characterization of an SAV organism and proposal of Mycobacterium triplex sp. nov.

Polyphasic taxonomic methods were employed to characterize a new species of slowly growing, nonpigmented mycobacteria. We propose the name Mycobacterium triplex sp. nov. for this new taxon. Conventional identification testing demonstrated a group of similar organisms that were geographically widespread in the United States. Commercially available nucleic-acid probes specific for the Mycobacterium avium complex were unreactive for these strains. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the mycolic acids revealed mycolate profiles that closely resembled Mycobacterium simiae. Comparative 16S rRNA sequence data confirmed the phylogenetic relationship of the strains with the slowly growing mycobacteria. Representative-type strains have been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 700071 [corrected].     

Immunological factors in endometriosis-associated reproductive failure: studies in fertile and infertile women with and without endometriosis

Immunopathophysiological mechanisms in endometriosis-associated reproductive failure were studied in appropriate populations: infertile and fertile women with and without endometriosis. The incidence of sera positive for any of the autoantibodies tested among infertile women with endometriosis (n = 25) was similar to that observed in the three control groups [unexplained infertility patients (n = 25) and fertile women with (n = 10) and without (n = 25) endometriosis]. The mean volume of peritoneal fluid was significantly elevated in women with endometriosis (both fertile and infertile) as compared with patients without endometriosis (fertile or infertile). The concentration of peritoneal fluid leukocytes and the percentage of cells positive for macrophage markers were significantly increased and the percentage of T lymphocytes significantly decreased in infertile women with endometriosis but not in patients with unexplained infertility and fertile women with endometriosis, as compared with fertile controls without endometriosis. Macrophages from infertile patients with endometriosis had higher sperm phagocytosis than did those from infertile women without endometriosis or fertile subjects with or without endometriosis. Incidences of serum and peritoneal fluid samples embryotoxic to the in-vitro development of 2-cell mouse embryos were significantly higher in infertile patients with endometriosis than in unexplained infertility patients and fertile women with or without endometriosis. It is concluded that immunological mechanisms of endometriosis-associated infertility exist but that these peritoneal immunological factors in infertile women with endometriosis are related to their subfertility rather than to the presence of ectopic endometrial implants. This is supported by the lack of immunological abnormalities observed among fertile women with endometriosis. These immunological abnormalities are lacking in patients with unexplained infertility.