辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗治疗慢性功能性便秘的临床疗效

为探讨辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗治疗慢性功能性便秘（CFC）的临床疗效,将160例CFC患者随机分为4组,即单纯辨证用药保留灌肠组（A组）、单纯大肠水疗组（B组）、辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗组（C组）、辨证用药口服组（D组）,各40例,均治疗2周,对比观察4组患者疗效。结果显示,c组总有效率明显高于其他3组,P〈0．05;C组治疗后便秘症状积分明显低于其他3组,P〈0．05;C组治疗后不透x线标志物残留数明显少于其他3组,P〈0．05。结果表明,辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗治疗CFC疗效满意,值得临床推广应用。     

Effects of health education on HIV/AIDS related knowledge among first year university students in China

BackgroundThe number of new HIV infections has increased and implementation of school-based health education programs on AIDS have been advocated for a long time.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the effectiveness of an intervention of HIV/AIDS on the knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention and control among first year university students.MethodsAn awareness questionnaire was adopted to assess awareness and knowledge of HIV/AIDS pre- and post-health education among first year university students in Qinghai, China. Independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used.ResultsA total of 2,165 and 2,062 first year university students were respectively recruited pre- and post- HIV/AIDS health education. The awareness rate increased significantly after the health education intervention (from 48.59%, 95%CI: 46.47%–50.72% to 76.24%, 95%CI: 74.35%–78.06%). Students from Hui and Tibetan ethnicities, and those holding prejudices against AIDS patients were less knowledgeable than their counterparts regarding HIV/AIDS related knowledge, whereas urban-dwellers and those with higher paternal education were positively associated with awareness of HIV/AIDS related knowledge (p <0.05).ConclusionHIV/AIDS awareness among first year university students improved greatly after receiving an education intervention, which underscores its utility as part of the approaches of HIV/AIDS control and prevention.     

Prenatal inflammation exposure-programmed hypertension exhibits multi-generational inheritance via disrupting DNA methylome

The multi-generation heredity trait of hypertension in human has been reported, but the molecular mechanisms underlying multi-generational inheritance of hypertension remain obscure. Recent evidence shows that prenatal inflammatory exposure (PIE) results in increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. In this study we investigated whether and how PIE contributed to multi-generational inheritance of hypertension in rats. PIE was induced in pregnant rats by intraperitoneal injection of LPS or Poly (I:C) either once on gestational day 10.5 (transient stimulation, T) or three times on gestational day 8.5, 10.5, and 12.5 (persistent stimulation, P). Male offspring was chosen to study the paternal inheritance. We showed that PIE, irrespectively induced by LPS or Poly (I:C) stimulation during pregnancy, resulted in multi-generational inheritance of significantly increased blood pressure in rat descendants, and that prenatal LPS exposure led to vascular remodeling and vasoconstrictor dysfunction in both thoracic aorta and superior mesenteric artery of adult F2 offspring. Furthermore, we revealed that PIE resulted in global alteration of DNA methylome in thoracic aorta of F2 offspring. Specifically, PIE led to the DNA hypomethylation of G beta gamma (Gβγ) signaling genes in both the F1 sperm and the F2 thoracic aorta, and activation of PI3K/Akt signaling was implicated in the pathologic changes and dysregulated vascular tone of aortic tissue in F2 LPS-P offspring. Our data demonstrate that PIE reprogrammed DNA methylome of cells from the germline/mature gametes contributes to the development of hypertension in F2 PIE offspring. This study broadens the current knowledge regarding the multi-generation effect of the cumulative early life environmental factors on the development of hypertension.     

前列腺重复穿刺研究进展

前列腺穿刺存在漏诊前列腺癌的可能,重复穿刺有其必要性。本文对前列腺重复穿刺独立危险因素、穿刺途径选择和穿刺新技术进展方面进行综述,以提高临床医生对前列腺重复穿刺适应证的认识。对符合前列腺重复穿刺的患者,推荐使用mpMRI靶向穿刺,以提高有临床意义前列腺癌的检出率,减少无临床意义前列腺癌的检出率。     

囊性听神经瘤的显微手术策略与临床分析

目的探讨囊性听神经瘤的临床特点及其显微外科手术的治疗方法。 方法回顾性分析2013年1月~2017年12月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经外科收治的囊性听神经瘤69例。所有囊性听神经瘤均行手术治疗,采用枕下乙状窦后入路。结果肿瘤全切61例（88.4%）,次全切除6例（8.7%）,部分切除2例（2.9%）;面神经解剖保留率为64例（92.7%）。术后2周采用面神经功能House Brackmann分级,其中Ⅰ Ⅱ级47例（68.1%）,Ⅲ Ⅳ级16例（23.2%）,Ⅴ Ⅵ级6例（8.7%）;术后后组脑神经功能障碍4例（5.8%）,术后实用听力保留患者4例（5.8%）。结论囊性听神经瘤应尽量早期积极手术,在充分保护面神经功能的前提下,力争全切肿瘤。同时术者丰富的显微外科技术,以及超声刀、激光刀、电生理监测等重要工具的应用,是保障囊性听神经瘤手术效果和保全神经功能的关键因素。     

术中胃减压对神经内镜经鼻颅底手术后恶心呕吐的影响

目的探讨术中胃减压对行神经内镜经鼻颅底手术患者手术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的影响。方法回顾性分析2019年1—8月在复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科接受神经内镜经鼻颅底手术的357例患者的临床资料。根据术中是否进行胃减压,分为胃减压组(146例)和对照组(211例)。比较两组的临床特征和术后24 h内PONV发生率的差异。对于包括胃减压在内的各因素对行神经内镜经鼻颅底手术患者PONV发生的影响,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析法探讨。结果所有患者术后24 h内的PONV发生率为11.8%(42/357)。胃减压组的女性比例[58.2%(85/146)对比46.4%(98/211),P=0.029]和Apfel评分为2~3分的比例[64.4%(94/146)对比50.2%(106/211),P=0.008]均高于对照组,而胃减压组PONV的发生率低于对照组[7.5%(11/146)对比14.7%(31/211),P=0.039]。单因素logistic回归分析结果提示,术中采用脂肪填塞修补脑脊液漏、术中采用黏膜瓣修补脑脊液漏、术中胃减压和术中失血量是神经内镜经鼻颅底手术患者PONV发生的影响因素(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果提示,术中胃减压(OR=0.397,95%CI:0.185~0.852,P=0.018)和术中失血量(OR=1.133,95%CI:1.026~1.250,P=0.013)为神经内镜经鼻颅底手术患者PONV发生的独立影响因素。结论实施术中胃减压可降低神经内镜经鼻颅底手术患者PONV的发生率。     

位置偏离对腰椎体模及人体腰椎骨密度的影响

目的 探讨位置的偏离对腰椎体模及人体腰椎骨密度的影响;方法 用美国LUNAR公司生产的DPX-MD对体模分别于正中位、左偏1cm位、右偏1cm位、左偏1mm位、左偏2mm位连续扫描各25次;及对16位正常人群腰椎分别于正中位、左偏位、右偏位进行扫描;结果 体模正中位时的骨密度最接近正常值,位置偏离时结果下降;人体正中位时腰椎骨密度值最高,偏离时结果下降;结论 位置偏离可以导致腰椎体模及人体腰椎骨密度的下降.     

运动对青年大学生骨密度的影响

目的 探讨运动对青年大学生骨密度的影响;方法采用美国GE公司LUNAR-DPX-MD对海口地区青年大学生20～24岁115名(男,59例;女,56例)进行腰椎和髋部骨密度测量,并依据是否爱好从事业余体育运动予分组;结果男性运动组骨密度比非运动组骨密度明显增高,呈显著性差异,女性运动组骨密度比非运动组骨密度也有增高且有差异;结论体育运动对青年大学生的骨密度增高具有极为重要的作用.