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排序方式: 共有388条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Carlos Antonio Negrato Renan M Montenegro Jr Rosiane Mattar Lenita Zajdenverg Rossana PV Francisco Belmiro Gonçalves Pereira Mauro Sancovski Maria Regina Torloni Sergio A Dib Celeste E Viggiano Airton Golbert Elaine CD Moisés Maria Isabel Favaro Iracema MP Calderon Sonia Fusaro Valeria DD Piliakas José Petronio L Dias Marilia B Gomes Lois Jovanovic 《Diabetology & metabolic syndrome》2010,2(1):1-14
There is an urgent need to find consensus on screening, diagnosing and treating all degrees of DYSGLYCEMIA that may occur during pregnancies in Brazil, considering that many cases of DYSGLYCEMIA in pregnant women are currently not diagnosed, leading to maternal and fetal complications. For this reason the Brazilian Diabetes Society (SBD) and the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Societies (FEBRASGO), got together to introduce this proposal. We present here a joint consensus regarding the standardization of clinical management for pregnant women with any degree of Dysglycemia, on the basis of current information, to improve medical assistance and to avoid related complications of Dysglycemia in pregnancy to the mother and the fetus. This consensus aims to standardize the diagnosis among general practitioners, endocrinologists and obstetricians allowing the dissemination of information in basic health units, public and private services, that are responsible for screening, diagnosing and treating disglycemic pregnant patients. 相似文献
102.
MJ Armstrong DD Houlihan IA Rowe WHO Clausen B Elbrønd SCL Gough JW Tomlinson PN Newsome 《Lancet》2013
BackgroundFatty liver disease has reached epidemic proportions in type 2 diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues are licensed for treatment of type 2 diabetes, yet little data exist on efficacy and safety in liver injury. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of 26 weeks' liraglutide on liver function compared with an active placebo.MethodsIndividual patient data meta-analysis was done with patient level data combined from six 26-week, phase 3, double-blind randomised controlled trials on type 2 diabetes, which comprise the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD) programme. In addition, the LEAD-2 sub-study was analysed to assess the effect on CT-measured hepatic steatosis.FindingsOf 4442 patients analysed, 2241 (50·8%) had an abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at baseline (mean 33·8 IU/L [SD 14·9] in female participants; 47·3 [18·3] in male participants). Liraglutide 1·8 mg reduced ALT in these patients compared with placebo (?8·20 vs ?5·01 IU/L, p=0·003), and was dose dependent (no significant differences vs placebo with liraglutide 0·6 or 1·2 mg). This effect was lost after adjustment for liraglutide's effect on reduction of weight (corrected mean ALT difference vs placebo ?1·41 IU/L, p=0·21) and HbA1c (corrected mean ALT difference vs placebo 0·57 IU/L, p=0·63). Adverse effects with 1·8 mg liraglutide were similar between patients with and without baseline abnormal ALT. In the LEAD-2 sub-study, liraglutide 1·8 mg (26 weeks) improved hepatic steatosis (CT-measured liver:spleen attenuation ratio) from baseline (0·10, p=0·001) and showed a trend towards improvement compared with placebo (0.10 vs 0·00, p=0·07).Interpretation26 weeks of liraglutide (1·8 mg) is safe, well tolerated, and improves liver enzymes compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes.FundingWellcome Trust. 相似文献
103.
Effective population-level solutions to the obesity pandemic have proved elusive. In low- and middle-income countries the problem may be further challenged by the perceived internal tension between economic development and sustainable solutions which create the optimal conditions for human health and well-being. This paper discusses some of the ecological obstacles to addressing the growing problem of obesity in ‘aspiring’ economies, using Malaysia as a case study. The authors conclude that current measures to stimulate economic growth in Malaysia may actually be exacerbating the problem of obesity in that country. Public health solutions which address the wider context in which obesity exists are needed to change the course of this burgeoning problem. 相似文献
104.
105.
Daniel D Reidpath Pascale Allotey Subhash Pokhrel 《Health research policy and systems / BioMed Central》2011,9(1):1
Background
There are strong arguments for social science and interdisciplinary research in the neglected tropical diseases. These diseases represent a rich and dynamic interplay between vector, host, and pathogen which occurs within social, physical and biological contexts. The overwhelming sense, however, is that neglected tropical diseases research is a biomedical endeavour largely excluding the social sciences. The purpose of this review is to provide a baseline for discussing the quantum and nature of the science that is being conducted, and the extent to which the social sciences are a part of that. 相似文献106.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the use of medical and preventive health services. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This study involved secondary analysis of weighted data from the Australian 1995 National Health Survey. The study was a population survey designed to obtain national benchmark information about a range of health-related issues. Data were available from 17,033 men and 17,174 women, > or =20 years or age. BMI, based on self-reported weight and height, was analyzed in relation to the use of medical services and preventive health services. RESULTS: A positive relationship was found between BMI and medical service use, such as medication use, visits to hospital accident and emergency departments (for women only); doctor visits, visits to a hospital outpatient clinics; and visits to other health professionals (for women only). A negative relationship was found in women between BMI and preventive health services. Underweight women were found to be significantly less likely to have Papanicolaou smear tests, breast examinations, and mammograms. DISCUSSION: This research shows that people who fall outside the healthy weight range are more likely to use a range of medical services. Given that the BMI of industrialized populations appears to be increasing, this has important ramifications for health service planning and reinforces the need for obesity prevention strategies at a population level. 相似文献
107.
Verghis SB; Essigmann JM; Kadlubar FF; Morningstar ML; Lasko DD 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(12):2403-2414
Mutagenesis by the human bladder carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) was
studied in single-stranded DNA from a bacteriophage M13 cloning vector. In
comparison to ABP lesions in double-stranded DNA, lesions in single-
stranded DNA were approximately 70-fold more mutagenic and 50-fold more
genotoxic. Sequencing analysis of ABP-induced mutations in the lacZ gene
revealed exclusively base-pair substitutions, with over 80% of the
mutations occurring at G sites; the G at position 6310 accounted for 25% of
the observed mutations. Among the sequence changes at G sites, G- ->T
transversions predominated, followed by G-->C transversions and G--
>A transitions. In order to further elucidate the mutagenic mechanism of
ABP, an oligonucleotide containing the major DNA adduct, N-
(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG(8-ABP)), was situated within the
PstI site of a single-stranded M13 genome. After in vivo replication of the
adduct containing ABP-modified and control (unadducted) genomes, the
mutational frequency and mutational specificity of the dG(8-ABP) lesion
were determined. The targeted mutational efficiency was approximately
0.01%, and the primary mutation observed was the G-->C transversion.
Thus dG(8-ABP), albeit weakly mutagenic at the PstI site, can contribute to
the mutational spectrum of ABP lesions.
相似文献
108.
The survival motor neuron protein in spinal muscular atrophy 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
Coovert DD; Le TT; McAndrew PE; Strasswimmer J; Crawford TO; Mendell JR; Coulson SE; Androphy EJ; Prior TW; Burghes AH 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(8):1205-1214
The 38 kDa survival motor neuron (SMN) protein is encoded by two
ubiquitously expressed genes: telomeric SMN (SMN(T)) and centromeric SMN
(SMN(C)). Mutations in SMN(T), but not SMN(C), cause proximal spinal
muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive disorder that results in
loss of motor neurons. SMN is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The
nuclear form is located in structures termed gems. Using a panel of
anti-SMN antibodies, we demonstrate that the SMN protein is expressed from
both the SMN(T) and SMN(C) genes. Western blot analysis of fibroblasts from
SMA patients with various clinical severities of SMA showed a moderate
reduction in the amount of SMN protein, particularly in type I (most
severe) patients. Immunocytochemical analysis of SMA patient fibroblasts
indicates a significant reduction in the number of gems in type I SMA
patients and a correlation of the number of gems with clinical severity.
This correlation to phenotype using primary fibroblasts may serve as a
useful diagnostic tool in an easily accessible tissue. SMN is expressed at
high levels in brain, kidney and liver, moderate levels in skeletal and
cardiac muscle, and low levels in fibroblasts and lymphocytes. In SMA
patients, the SMN level was moderately reduced in muscle and lymphoblasts.
In contrast, SMN was expressed at high levels in spinal cord from normals
and non- SMA disease controls, but was reduced 100-fold in spinal cord from
type I patients. The marked reduction of SMN in type I SMA spinal cords is
consistent with the features of this motor neuron disease. We suggest that
disruption of SMN(T) in type I patients results in loss of SMN from motor
neurons, resulting in the degeneration of these neurons.
相似文献
109.
Preimplantation hormonal differences between the conception and non- conception menstrual cycles of 32 normal women 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
Baird DD; Wilcox AJ; Weinberg CR; Kamel F; McConnaughey DR; Musey PI; Collins DC 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(12):2607-2613
We compared daily urinary concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone
metabolites in paired menstrual cycles (conception and non-conception) from
32 women. Volunteers with no known fertility problems were enrolled in the
study at the time they began trying to become pregnant. They collected
first-morning urine specimens and kept daily records of menstrual bleeding
and sexual intercourse for 6 months or until they became clinically
pregnant. Intercourse in non-conception cycles was close to the time of
ovulation so that failure to conceive was caused by factors other than
poorly timed intercourse. Compared with non- conception cycles, conception
cycles had a steeper early luteal rise in progesterone and higher
mid-luteal oestrogen and progesterone concentrations. These hormonal
characteristics may be markers of better quality cycles, but because all
these differences were in the luteal phase, we cannot rule out the
possibility that the preimplantation embryo had stimulated early increases
in steroid production. We propose an analysis strategy that could help
support or refute the importance of preimplantation embryonic signalling,
but our small sample size limits our own conclusions about this mechanism.
相似文献
110.