Postsurgical conjunctival epithelial cysts.

MR appearance of two patients with large, orbital conjunctival epithelium-lined inclusion cysts are presented. Both were complications of ophthalmic surgical procedures that necessitated conjunctival incision.     

仿冒进口白兰地酒类快速鉴别方法初探

本文通过对南海市查获的仿冒干邑白兰地的检验，发现其pH值、酒精度、甲醇、杂醇油含量与真品的差别具有统计学显著性意义；伪品的蒸馏残留物不同于真品；部分伪品的色泽来自无机染料，为我国食品卫生标准所禁用。     

Spatio-temporal expression of estrogen sulfotransferase within the hepatic lobule of male rats: implication of in situ estrogen inactivation in androgen action.

Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) catalyzes transfer of the sulfate group from phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate to estrogenic steroids. Since estrogen sulfates do not bind to the estrogen receptor with high affinity, EST can control the intracellular level of the receptor-active estrogens. Androgen action in the rat liver, as indicated by the androgenic induction of alpha 2u-globulin, is inhibited by low levels of estrogens. Thus, in situ estrogen inactivation by EST is expected to increase hepatic androgen sensitivity. During the lifespan of the animal, rat liver undergoes three distinct phases of androgen sensitivity, i.e. prepubertal androgen insensitivity, androgen sensitivity after approximately 40 days of age, and androgen insensitivity during senescence (greater than 750 days). EST in the liver is expressed only after puberty, when the liver becomes androgen sensitive. Furthermore, localization of EST and its corresponding mRNA within the lobular unit of the liver demonstrates that only androgen-responsive hepatocytes located around the central vein contain immunoreactive EST and its corresponding mRNA. These temporal and spatial correlations of EST expression and hepatic androgen sensitivity support the concept that steroid-inactivating enzymes play important roles in sex hormone action.     

大鼠延髓内脏带与下丘脑室旁核、视上核往返投射通路参与高渗调节反应的研究

目的探讨延髓内脏带(MVZ)与下丘脑室旁核(PVN)和视上核(SON)之间是否存在往返渗透压投射通路。方法通过给予大鼠饮用3%氯化钠的方法制作高渗刺激模型,并用WGA-HRP逆行追踪、抗Fos、抗酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)或加压素(VP)及胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫组织化学相结合的四重标记方法,观察MVZ、PVN和SON中WGA-HRP、Fos、TH、VP和GFAP阳性分布及表达状况。结果高渗刺激后MVZ、PVN和SON内Fos阳性细胞明显增多;GFAP阳性结构也明显增多,其分布与Fos阳性细胞分布基本一致,表现为胞体肥大、突起粗长。星形胶质细胞(AST)紧密包绕在神经元周围形成神经元-AST复合体(N-ASC)。结论神经元和AST以N-ASC的形式共同参与渗透压调节反应,体内存在MVZ和SON或PVN之间往返的渗透压调节通路。     

Role of the cell recognition molecule, cognin, in GABAergic differentiation in chick retina

Previous work showed that GABAergic differentiation in developing chick retina depends on insulin and cell interactions. Here, we investigated whether it depended on cell signaling mediated by retina cognin, a 50 kDa cell recognition molecule. Cognin mediates cell adhesion in vitro and occurs on retinal neurons that become both GABAergic and cholinergic. We investigated two markers of GABAergic differentiation: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity and high-affinity GABA uptake. Both increase during differentiation of retinal neurons in culture and can be easily measured. We blocked cognin-mediated cell signaling with cognin antibody and found a reduction of the developmental increase in GAD activity in cultures of retinal neurons from 7 and 11 day chick embryos. There was no reduction of high-affinity GABA uptake. This suggested that cognin-mediated signaling was necessary for the normal developmental increase in GAD but not for high-affinity GABA uptake. These results contrasted with our previous observations on cholinergic differentiation in cultured retinal neurons. We found that cognin antibody blocked the normal developmental increase in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) only if the cells were exposed before embryonic day 7. Thus, while both GAD and ChAT activity appear to be controlled by cell signaling involving cognin, the periods of developmental sensitivity for the two differentiation markers are different. Antibodies to other adhesion molecules, Ng-CAM, and N-cadherin, did not similarly affect GAD activity. Antibodies to laminin at a 10-fold higher concentration inhibited GAD activity only in early embryonic retina. Tests for protein synthesis and “housekeeping” enzyme activity demonstrated that the cognin antibody effect was selective for neuronal differentiation pathways. Thus, GABAergic differentiation in developing retina is sensitive to cell signaling mediated in part by cognin.     

Supracerebellar arachnoid cyst - A rare cause of acquired Chiari I malformation.

Chiari I malformation (CM) associated with a cervico-thoracic syrinx due to supracerebellar arachnoid cyst has not been reported in the literature. We report such a case, managed by fenestration of the arachnoid cyst and foramen magnum decompression (FMD), aiming to reduce the inferiorly directed pressure on the cerebellum and eliminate the craniospinal pressure dissociation respectively. Imaging done post-operatively showed upward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils with a decompressed craniovertebral junction and disappearance of the syrinx.     

Double-Blind Prospective Comparative Trial between Foamed and Liquid Polidocanol and Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate in the Treatment of Varicose and Telangiectatic Leg Veins

BACKGROUND: Twenty subjects were treated with either polidocanol (POL) or sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) to compare the efficacy and adverse sequelae of each agent. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of two widely used sclerosing agents. METHODS: After the exclusion of saphenofemoral junction incompetency, each subject's leg veins were categorized by size (< 1, 1-3, and 3-6 mm in diameter). Each leg was then randomized to be treated with 0.5%, 1%, or 1% foam of POL or 0.25%, 0.5%, or 0.5% foam of STS according to vein size. An independent panel of four physicians, blinded to treatment, performed randomized photographic evaluations obtained pretreatment and 12 weeks post-treatment. Subject satisfaction index and overall clinical improvement assessment were also obtained. RESULTS: An average 83% improvement was noted for all vein sizes in all subjects with both POL and STS after a single treatment. Subjects were satisfied with treatment, regardless of the sclerosing agent used or the vein size treated. There was no statistically significant difference in adverse effects between each group. CONCLUSION: Both POL and STS are safe and effective sclerosing agents in the treatment of varicose and telangiectatic leg veins. Both are very tolerable and demonstrate similar post-treatment sequelae.     

Translocation t(6;14) as the Sole Chromosomal Abnormality in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Base of Tongue

We present an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of tongue in a 48-year-old male with a restricted chromosomal alteration by cytogenetic and spectral karyotypic analysis (SKY). SKY and G-banding analyses identified the t(6;14)(q25;q13) as the sole structural aberration in all metaphases analyzed. This finding supports a critical role for this event in the development of this tumor. The implications of chromosome 6q translocation in this case and in previously reported adenoid cystic carcinomas are highlighted and discussed.