机器人辅助下膝关节单髁置换术初步临床结果

目的 探讨机器人辅助下膝关节单髁置换术(UKA)能否提高手术的精准性,以及其安全性和短期疗效。方法 对2016年9—12月在上海交通大学附属第六人民医院和解放军总医院骨科关节外科接受机器人辅助下UKA治疗的20例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。术前诊断均为膝关节骨关节炎,每家医院各10例患者;男3例,女17例;年龄51~79岁,平均65岁;BMI(26.9±3.4) kg/m²。均采用MAKO RIO机器人手术系统和RESTORIS MCK单髁膝关节假体(STRYKER MAKO Surgical,美国)进行手术,其中有5例患者同时接受双侧UKA。记录手术时间及出血量、术后疼痛情况,测量术前及术后下肢力线、术后胫骨假体植入角度,术前和术后进行膝关节功能评分。结果 单侧UKA手术术中止血带使用时间平均为(27±10) min。15例单侧单髁置换患者术后第2天时总失血量平均为(476±290)mL,无一例患者需要接受输血治疗。术后8、16和24 h VAS评分平均分别为(3.2±1.2)分、(1.8±0.8)分和(1.1±0.3)分。20例(25膝)患者均获得随访,随访时间为8~20周,平均14.1周。末次随访时,患侧膝关节的美国膝关节协会评分临床评分由术前的(57±13)分提高至(90±6)分,功能评分由术前的(48±18)分提高至(79±12)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=14.941、10.014,P值均<0.01);胫骨假体冠状位的植入角度为内翻0°~3.9°,平均1.7°±1.2°,与术前计划的目标角度(内翻1°)偏差0°~3°,平均为1.1°±0.9°。2家医院两组病例胫骨假体冠状位角度与目标位置的偏差分别为1.2°±1.1°和1.0°±0.6°,差异无统计学意义(t=0.421, P＞0.05)。随访期间所有病例均未观察到手术部位感染、深静脉血栓形成以及血管神经损伤等手术相关的并发症。结论 机器人辅助下UKA能够实现微创条件下的精准手术,并具有优异的安全性;其远期临床效果及对膝关节功能改善的作用,尚需进一步的对照研究和长期随访加以证实。     

Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: The Rate and Reason for the Attrition After the First Stage

BackgroundTwo-stage exchange arthroplasty remains a popular surgical treatment for patients with chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Patients who do not receive reimplantation were largely overlooked in the current literature. We aimed at investigating the clinical outcomes of these patients.MethodsOur institutional PJI database was retrospectively reviewed to identify 616 patients (237 hips, 379 knees) who were treated with an intended 2-stage exchange. Of them, 111 (18%) did not receive reimplantation within a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Chart review and targeted interviews were performed to elucidate the cause of attrition. Patients were considered to have failed treatment in the absence of reimplantation if they remained medically unfit for reimplantation, underwent a salvage procedure, or died during the study period.ResultsOf the 111 patients without reimplantation, 29 (26.1%) did well with their retained spacer and were unwilling to proceed with reimplantation, 23 (20.7%) underwent salvage procedures, and the remaining 59 (53.2%) were considered medically unfit for reimplantation, with 34 of them dying within 1 year of initial spacer insertion. The overall success rate for 2-stage exchange cohort at 2 years was 65.7% when treatment failure without reimplantation was taken into account. Several factors associated with increased risk of treatment failure without reimplantation were identified using a multivariate regression model.ConclusionAlmost 1 in 5 patients may never receive the intended reimplantation. Among many reasons for attrition, mortality appears to be a relatively common event. The current definition of treatment success does not take into account the attrition group and thus inflates the relative success of 2-stage exchange arthroplasty.     

Activation of Kv7 (KCNQ) voltage-gated potassium channels by synthetic compounds

Voltage-gated Kv7 (or KCNQ) channels play a pivotal role in controlling membrane excitability. Like typical voltage-gated ion channels, Kv7 channels undergo a closed-to-open transition by sensing changes in transmembrane potential, and thereby mediate inhibitory K(+) currents to reduce membrane excitability. Reduction of Kv7 channel activity as a result of genetic mutation is responsible for various human diseases due to membrane hyperexcitability, including epilepsy, arrhythmia and deafness. As a result, the discovery of small compounds that activate voltage-gated ion channels is an important strategy for clinical intervention in such disorders. Because ligand binding can induce a conformational change leading to subthreshold channel opening, there is considerable interest in understanding the molecular basis of these 'gain-of-function' molecules. Although small-molecule activators of cation channels are rare, several novel compounds that activate Kv7 voltage-gated channels have been identified. Recent advances in defining the activator-binding sites and in understanding their mechanism of action have begun to provide insight into the activation of voltage-gated channels by synthetic compounds.     

卡托普利预处理对自酸蚀粘接剂牙本质粘接持久性的影响

目的：通过卡托普利抑制金属基质蛋白酶的活性以提高粘接界面的稳定性。方法：采用不同浓度的卡托普利乙醇溶液和卡托普利乙醇/水溶液对人离体牙牙本质表面进行预处理，通过场发射扫描电镜观察卡托普利预处理对牙本质表面形貌的影响；在此基础上通过两种自酸蚀粘接剂对牙本质进行粘接，表征即刻粘接强度，并通过老化处理，评价卡托普利预处理对粘接持久性的影响。结果：扫描电镜结果提示，卡托普利溶液可以部分去除沾污层并暴露牙本质胶原。基于扫描电镜结果，选择0.15 g/mL卡托普利乙醇溶液（50%乙醇）处理30 s作为预处理条件，通过可乐丽菲露 SE BOND 进行牙本质粘接，即刻微拉伸强度从（30.80±4.70）MPa 提升至（37.48±3.20）MPa（ P<0.05）；老化处理 1 年后，对照组微拉伸强度显著下降[（22.90±6.82）MPa， P<0.05]，而实验组微拉伸强度没有明显的变化[（36.56±5.10）MPa， P>0.05]。用可乐丽菲露 S ³ BOND 进行牙本质粘接，对照组的即刻微拉伸强度为（31.33±4.11）MPa，与实验组（34.70±4.07）MPa 差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）；老化处理 1 年后，实验组的微拉伸强度高于对照组[分别为（32.36±3.58）MPa和（21.43±6.27）MPa， P<0.05]。 结论：卡托普利预处理不仅可以提高自酸蚀粘接的即刻粘接强度，而且改善了粘接的持久性。     

Cementless total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of advanced tuberculosis of the hip

The question of whether a total hip arthroplasty (THA) should be attempted in a patient with a current or previous tuberculosis infection continues to cause controversy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical result of cementless THA for the treatment of advanced tuberculosis of the hip. Eight patients with advanced tuberculosis of the hip treated by cementless THA were retrospectively analyzed. None of the patients had draining sinus preoperatively. For patients with a confirmed preoperative diagnosis of tuberculosis and elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antituberculous medication was prescribed for at least 2 weeks preoperatively. Inflamed soft tissues and destroyed bones were completely curetted out intraoperatively. All 8 patients received 1-stage cementless THA after thorough debridement. Antituberculous medications were prescribed for all patients for the first 6 months postoperatively. No patient experienced wound-healing complications. Mean Harris Hip Score was 35 (range, 30-43) preoperatively and 91 (range, 87-95) at last follow-up. At an average 46-month follow-up (range, 34-59 months), no reactivation of tuberculosis was detected. All 8 patients revealed stability by bone ingrowth on both the socket and femoral stem. Cementless THA is a safe and effective procedure for advanced tuberculosis of the hip. With thorough debridement followed by a complete course of antituberculous chemotherapy, active tuberculous infection should not be considered a contraindication for THA.     

贝前列素联合维生素E治疗2型糖尿病合并下肢血管病变对防止心脑血管疾病发生的研究

目的：探讨贝前列素联合维生素E对心脑血管疾病的预防效果,为贝前列素和维生素E的使用提供理论依据。方法把2型糖尿病合并下肢血管病变患者随机分为实验组（95例）和对照组（86例）,实验组的治疗方案采用贝前列素联合维生素E,而对照组采用阿司匹林肠溶片联合维生素E。时间从患者接受治疗算起,1年和2年后回访,统计两组患者发生心血管疾病、致死性心血管疾病、卒中、致死性卒中的情况,采用x2检验分析相关数据。结果1年和2年后发生心脑血管疾病和心血管疾病在实验组与对照组间的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论在治疗2型糖尿病合并下肢血管病时,采用贝前列素联合维生素E较阿司匹林肠溶片联合维生素E更能预防心脑血管疾病的发生。     

全膝关节置换术中膝关节内侧副韧带损伤的处理

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术（TKA）中膝关节内侧副韧带（MCL）损伤的处理方法。方法 回顾性分析2013年6月-2014年6月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院骨科687例（714膝）行初次TKA术中10例（10膝）MCL损伤患者的病例资料,其中1例为MCL股骨侧止点撕脱,另9例为MCL体部断裂。MCL股骨侧止点撕脱患者采用带缝线锚钉方法进行止点重建,体部损伤患者均采用断端直接缝合方法进行修复。除2例体部断裂的患者因修复后仍无法恢复内侧稳定性而使用限制性衬垫之外,其余8例患者均使用非限制性后稳定型膝关节假体。术后康复过程中有5例患者使用膝关节支具进行保护。观察患者手术前后美国膝关节协会评分（KSS）和膝关节活动度。结果 10例患者随访3—15个月（平均9个月）。患者均无膝关节不稳定的主诉,末次随访时,膝关节伸直位及屈膝30°位外翻应力试验未发现内侧松弛。患者KSS由术前平均76．8分（37—100分）改善到153．3分（126～170分）,膝关节平均活动度由术前的92°（70°～110°）改善到108°（90°-120°）。结论 对TKA中的MCL损伤应当进行积极的手术修复。在采用正确的方法进行MCL修复、重建并且获得良好下肢力线的前提下,非限制性膝关节假体能够获得理想的治疗结果。