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71.
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Olubuyide IO; Ola SO; Aliyu B; Dosumu OO; Arotiba JT; Olaleye OA; Odaibo GN; Odemuyiwa SO; Olawuyi F 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1997,90(6):417-422
We surveyed a random sample (n = 75) of doctors and dentists at University
College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. They were offered anonymous testing for
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAG),
antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and to hepatitis C virus
(anti-HCV), by enzyme immunoassay. The results suggest a high prevalence of
hepatitis B virus (HBV) with a high potential of transmissibility, as well
as a high prevalence of HCV infection. The majority of the doctors and
dentists use universal precaution for protection against viral hepatitis on
< 50% of the occasions when they carry out procedures on their patients.
Infection with HBV was associated with type of specialty (surgeons,
dentists) and lack of HBV vaccination (p < 0.05). After logistic
regression, these factors were independently associated with HBV infection
(p < 0.05). Sixty (80%) had not received prior HBV vaccination.
Unvaccinated personnel were more likely to be surgeons, dentists, < 37
years of age, and have fewer years of professional activity (p < 0.05).
After logistic regression, only fewer years of professional activity
remained independently associated with lack of vaccination (p < 0.05).
To reduce the occupational exposure of HBV, universal precautions must be
rigorously adhered to when the doctors and dentists carry out procedures on
their patients, and all health-care workers should be vaccinated with HBV
vaccine and the HCV vaccine, when it becomes available.
相似文献
73.
Hadiza Galadanci Oladapo Shittu Manfred Gruhl 《International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics》2011,114(1):23-28
Objective
To achieve Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in Nigeria, a quality assurance project in obstetrics in 10 hospitals in northern Nigeria was established to improve maternal and fetal outcome.Methods
The project commenced in January 2008 with assessment and improvement of the structure of the 10 hospitals. Continuous maternal and fetal data collection and analysis were conducted from 2008 to 2009 by means of a maternity record book and structured monthly summary form. The quality of hospital infrastructure and equipment was also assessed.Results
The mean maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was reduced from 1790 per 100 000 births in the first half of 2008 to 940 per 100 000 births in the second half of 2009. The average fetal mortality ratio (FMR) decreased slightly from 84.9 to 83.5 per 1000 births. There was an inversely proportional relationship between the total number of deliveries in a hospital and MMR and FMR. There was a close correlation between the MMR and the equipment status and hygiene conditions of the hospitals.Conclusion
Continuous monitoring of quality assurance in maternity units raised the awareness of the quality of obstetric performance and improved the quality of care provided, thereby improving MMR. 相似文献74.
Adeniran O. Fawole Oladapo S. Sotiloye Augustine C. Umezulike Daniel A. Adekanle Olusoji Adeyanju Adeyemi O. Adekunle Lindeka Mangesi 《International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics》2011,112(2):107-111
Objective
To assess the effects of 400-μg sublingual misoprostol plus routine uterotonics on postpartum hemorrhage.Methods
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was performed. After delivery of the child, eligible women received routine uterotonics and were randomly allocated to receive 400-μg misoprostol or placebo sublingually. The primary outcome measure was blood loss of at least 500 mL within 1 hour of taking the trial tablets.Results
In total, 672 women received misoprostol and 673 received placebo. The baseline data were similar for both groups. Misoprostol plus routine uterotonics reduced postpartum blood loss, but the effect was not significant for blood loss of at least 500 mL (relative risk [RR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-1.45) or blood loss of at least 1000 mL (RR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.15-1.66). Misoprostol also reduced the need for non-routine oxytocin, manual removal of the placenta, and hysterectomy, but these differences were not significant either. Misoprostol was associated with pyrexia and moderate/severe shivering. There was no death in either group.Conclusion
Misoprostol plus routine uterotonics resulted in modest reductions of blood loss in the third stage of labor, but the effects did not reach statistical significance. Larger studies are recommended. 相似文献75.
Olufemi T. Oladapo Akinwunmi F. Akinsanya 《Archives of gynecology and obstetrics》2011,283(4):825-830
Background
Data on comparative outcomes of abdominal myomectomy for varying uterine sizes that could guide informed decision by women and clinicians in resource-constrained settings are scarce. 相似文献76.
Odedina FT Dagne G LaRose-Pierre M Scrivens J Emanuel F Adams A Pressey S Odedina O 《Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health》2011,13(6):996-1004
To better address prostate cancer disparities, we investigated the differences among US-born, African-born, and Caribbean-born
Black men on prostate cancer risk reduction and early detection behaviors. Data were collected from over 3,400 Black men in
five cities in Florida. One-way analysis of variance was used to explore the ethnic variations among the three study groups.
We found that there were significant differences among the three groups. The US-born Black men had the highest knowledge,
were most likely to have health insurance, and consume the most meat compared to African-born, and Caribbean-born Black men.
African-born Black men were most likely to use chemoprevention products and discuss prostate cancer risk-reduction and early
detection with a physician. Given the significant number of foreign-born Blacks in the US, it is important to disaggregate
the data of US-born and foreign-born Blacks to develop effective programs and policies to address the needs of each group. 相似文献
77.
Adesina OA Adekanbi Oladapo O Olayemi Adeniran O Fawole Kayode A Afolabi 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》2015,3(7):635-639
Intra-partum foetal death has been variously defined.However, a definition adopted at a technical consultation in 2006 is employed in this review. The quality of intrapartum care is a crucial factor for pregnancy outcome for both mothers and new-borns. Intra-partum stillbirth is defined as late foetal death during labour, which clinically presents as fresh stillbirth. The largest proportion of the world's stillbirths occurs in the late preterm, term and intra-partum periods. The Western Pacific region has the greatest reduction in stillbirth with a 3.8% annual decline between 1995 and 2009; however, the annual decline in the African region is less than 1%. Caesarean delivery is still uncommon, especially in rural areas: 1% of births in rural Sub-Saharan Africa and 5% in rural South Asia are by caesarean delivery; 62% of stillbirths occurred during the intra-partum period; 61.4% of stillbirths are attributable to obstetrical complications. Preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence of intra-partum foetal death entail all measures aimed at improving quality antenatal care and preventing intrapartum asphyxia. This review discusses intra-partum foetal deaths from a Sub-Saharan African perspective. It explores the contribution of research within the region to identifying its impact on new-born health and potential cost-effective policy interventions. 相似文献
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Babatunde A. Ayoade Adedayo O. Tade Babatunde A. Salami Olayemi Oladapo 《International journal of emergency medicine》2009,2(4):211-215