C1–2 transarticular screws combined with C1 laminar hooks fixation: a modified posterior atlantoaxial fixation technique and outcome in 72 patients

Purpose

To retrospectively evaluate the outcome of C1–2 transarticular screws combined with C1 laminar hooks fixation.

Methods

All patients underwent atlantoaxial fixation during a 5-year period. The surgical technique and treatment procedures were intensively reviewed and clinical symptoms, neurological function and imaging appearance were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

The clinical and radiology follow-up indicated a stable arthrodesis and clinical relief from symptoms for all patients. All patients with neurological defects improved an average of 1.33 grade at their most recent clinical assessment, P < 0.05; their average admission ASIA motor score, pin prick score and light touch score improved to an average follow-up ASIA score of 99.80 (99.83 ± 0.38), 111.83 (111.83 ± 0.45), and 111.89 (111.89 ± 0.32), respectively. No neurovascular impairment and case of implant failure were observed.

Conclusions

The C1–2 transarticular screws combined with C1 laminar hooks fixation is a reliable technique for atlantoaxial instability.     

Hangman骨折伴椎间盘损伤的诊断与外科治疗

目的探讨Hangman骨折伴C2-3椎间盘损伤的病理特点及其外科治疗方法。方法21例Hangman骨折伴颈2-3椎间盘损伤患者,均进行颈椎前路C2-3椎间隙融合术,其中18例行颈前路钢板固定。分析其损伤类型、影像学特点和疗效。结果未出现神经症状加重、植骨块移位、吸收和切13感染等并发症,新鲜骨折的枢椎脱位和C2-3成角得到良好恢复,术后6个月C2-3植骨以及枢椎椎弓骨折都获得骨性融合。随访8个月至4年,平均随访2年7个月,绝大部分术前症状消失。结论Hangman骨折并不限定于枢椎椎弓根骨折,合并椎间盘损伤的Hangman骨折是一种特殊的骨折类型,颈椎前路融合手术是符合其病理生理特点的手术方法。     

单球囊与双球囊后凸成形术对椎体复位作用的研究

目的探讨单球囊与双球囊后凸成形术对椎体压缩骨折复位作用的差异,评价后凸成形术的临床疗效。方法对2000年5月～2004年5月应用球囊扩张后凸成形术(KP)施行椎体复位的58例胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折(VCFs)患者(90个椎体)的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。58例患者90个椎体分为单球囊组(28个椎体)和双球囊组(62个椎体),两组均经双侧椎弓根穿刺,扩张后灌注骨水泥,分别采用单球囊双侧交替扩张和双球囊双侧同时扩张的方法。分别测量术前术后椎体高度和Cobb角,比较术前术后及两组之间的差异。结果患者术后疼痛均明显减轻或消失。椎体高度平均恢复率726%(229～100%);Cobb角由术前179°(31°～316°)矫正至术后96°(06°～282°),平均矫正87°(03°～272°),术前、术后相比差异有极显著性意义(P<0001)。单球囊组和双球囊组术后椎体高度平均恢复率分别为776%(553%～100%)和643%(229%～100%),术后平均矫正Cobb角分别为99°(03°～272°)和86°(06°～198°),两组相比差异无显著性意义(P>005)。结论后凸成形术可有效缓解椎体压缩骨折患者的疼痛,恢复椎体高度,改善后凸畸形;单球囊与双球囊后凸成形术同样能使压缩骨折的椎体获到较好复位。     

CT evaluation of upper thoracic spine for surgical application of transarticular screw placement

Introduction

Although pedicle screw fixation has been increasingly used in the upper thoracic spine in recent years, controversies exist about the safety and complications such as nerve or vascular intrusion associated with the technique. In this study, an alternative method of transarticular screw fixation was validated.

Materials and methods

Morphometric analysis was performed on computed tomography (CT) scans of the upper thoracic zygapophysial joints of C7, T1, T2 and T3 in 20 male and 20 female patients in the axial and sagittal planes. The degree of screw angulation was recorded in the sagittal and axial planes and the screw length was measured at the spinal level from C7 to T3.

Results

The smallest medial–lateral diameter and anterior–posterior diameter of IAP was found at T3 in the female patients and C7 in the male patients. The screw trajectory length ranged from 14.9 to 20.5 mm in all patients. All the above measurements were significantly different between male and female patients at all levels (P < 0.05). The mean value of screw trajectory angle was 19.3°–20.1° in the axial plane and 44.3°–45.7° in the sagittal plane. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between male and female patients in the axial and sagittal angles.

Conclusion

The morphometric data of C7–T3 zygapophysial joints indicate the suitable screw diameter and screw length for this technique. Transarticular screw fixation proved to be a potentially safe alternative to pedicle screw fixation in this region.     

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activation enhances gut glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and improves glucose homeostasis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly prevailing as a serious global health problem. Current treatments for T2DM may cause side effects, thus highlighting the need for newer and safer therapies. We tested the hypothesis that dietary capsaicin regulates glucose homeostasis through the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-mediated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in the intestinal cells and tissues. Wild-type (WT) and TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1(-/-)) mice were fed dietary capsaicin for 24 weeks. TRPV1 was localized in secretin tumor cell-1 (STC-1) cells and ileum. Capsaicin stimulated GLP-1 secretion from STC-1 cells in a calcium-dependent manner through TRPV1 activation. Acute capsaicin administration by gastric gavage increased GLP-1 and insulin secretion in vivo in WT but not in TRPV1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, chronic dietary capsaicin not only improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin levels but also lowered daily blood glucose profiles and increased plasma GLP-1 levels in WT mice. However, this effect was absent in TRPV1(-/-) mice. In db/db mice, TRPV1 activation by dietary capsaicin ameliorated abnormal glucose homeostasis and increased GLP-1 levels in the plasma and ileum. The present findings suggest that TRPV1 activation-stimulated GLP-1 secretion could be a promising approach for the intervention of diabetes.     

情景式健康教育在初产妇母乳喂养培训中的应用

目的 探讨情景式健康教育在初产妇母乳喂养知识与技能培训中的有效性.方法 将120例初产妇按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各60例,对照组采用传统模式对初产妇进行母乳喂养健康教育,观察组进行情景式健康教育,比较两组健康教育的效果.结果 观察组初产妇母乳喂养知识、技能掌握及实践能力显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01);产妇对健康教育效果的满意度显著优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 情景式健康教育可促进初产妇母乳喂养知识与技能的掌握,提高其实践能力;提高患者满意度,促进护患和谐.     

酒精性肝炎自噬关键基因的筛选及生物信息学分析

目的 筛选酒精性肝炎（AH）的自噬关键基因,探讨AH潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点。 方法  采用基因表达综合数据库（GEO）中的2个AH基因芯片和从MSigDB、GeneCards数据库中获得的自噬相关数据集,通过加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）获取关键基因。对筛选的关键基因进行基因本体（GO）、京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG）功能富集分析,蛋白质相互作用（PPI）分析,免疫浸润分析,构建信使RNA（mRNA）-微小RNA（miRNA）网络,进行酒精性肝病不同分期的自噬相关关键基因的表达差异分析,并进一步通过实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）在AH患者和小鼠肝脏组织中验证。 结果  本研究筛选得到了11个与AH自噬相关的基因（EEF1A2、CFTR、SOX4、TREM2、CTHRC1、HSPB8、TUBB3、PRKAA2、RNASE1、MTCL1、HGF）,均为上调基因。在AH患者和小鼠肝脏组织中,SOX4、TREM2、HSPB8、PRKAA2在AH组中的相对表达量均高于对照组。 结论  SOX4、TREM2、HSPB8、PRKAA2可能是AH潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点。     

高职护理新生职业生涯规划教育的效果评价

目的 探讨对高职护理新生实施职业生涯规划教育的效果.方法 将328名三年制大专护理专业一年级学生按班级随机分为对照组(165名)和实验组(163名).对照组给予新生入校专业教育,实验组在此基础上开设护士职业生涯规划课程进行教育干预,采用高护生职业生涯规划调查问卷评价干预效果.结果 干预后,实验组在自我认识、环境评估、职业目标、行动计划和反馈修正5个维度得分及总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 对护生开展职业规划课程教育,可唤起护生的生涯意识,增强其对护理专业的认同感,促使其热爱护理事业,为今后的护理工作奠定良好的基础.     

中医治疗胎动不安的用药规律

目的统计分析中医治疗胎动不安的用药规律,为临床中医治疗胎动不安提供用药参考。方法严格按照标准筛选中医治疗胎动不安的中药处方,采用excel表格对处方基本用药信息进行统计,然后再采用SPSS19. 0软件以中药的功效作为评价指标进行分析,以确定处方中用药味数、用药天数、以及中药的使用频次。并对使用频次前30位的药物进行归类,确定药物使用频次高的特征值、贡献率和综合得分。结果所选取的356例患者中药处方中,平均用药药味数15. 7味,平均剂量226. 7 g,使用频次最高的前5位药分别为菟丝子、桑寄生、续断、白芍、白术; 30味中药通过按照功效可分为5类,所提取的10个主成分能反映系统聚类中的分类结果。结论对中医治疗胎动不安患者处方进行分析,为中医治疗胎动不安提供了用药参考,对指导临床合理用药有重要指导意义。     

腰椎终板Modic改变与椎间盘退变对应关系及二者与下腰痛关系的分析

目的：研究腰椎终板Modic改变类型与椎间盘退变的关系及二者与下腰痛（low back pain,LBP）的关系。方法：选取2016年10—12月间行腰椎MRI检查且合并Modic改变的患者200例。Pfirrmann分级评估腰椎间盘退变。通过电话随访,采用VAS法评估LBP。统计Modic改变及邻近椎间盘退变在下腰段（L4/5及L5/S1水平）的分布情况及关系,及二者与LBP的关系。结果：Modic Ⅱ型与Ⅱ?Ⅰ型均与轻度椎间盘退变相关（P < 0.05）。Modic Ⅰ?Ⅱ型与轻度及严重椎间盘均相关（P < 0.05）,而Modic Ⅰ型与严重椎间盘退变相关（P < 0.05）。Modic Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型及Ⅰ?Ⅱ型与LBP相关（P < 0.05）。多因素分析后,严重椎间盘退变（4级）与LBP相关性消失（P > 0.05）。结论：退变程度较高的腰椎间盘易合并Modic Ⅰ型,Modic Ⅱ型更常见于退变程度较低的腰椎间盘;退变初始阶段,Modic Ⅱ型可能向Ⅰ型转换。虽然Modic改变与腰椎间盘退变均与LBP相关,Modic改变的影响可能更直接,而腰椎间盘退变通过Modic改变间接产生影响,因此较弱。