全文获取类型
收费全文 | 402篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 1篇 |
妇产科学 | 28篇 |
基础医学 | 179篇 |
口腔科学 | 3篇 |
临床医学 | 5篇 |
内科学 | 21篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1篇 |
神经病学 | 3篇 |
特种医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 24篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
眼科学 | 1篇 |
药学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 144篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 20篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 24篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有422条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: multimodal diagnosis and identification of a new cytogenetic subgroup characterized by t(9;17)(q22;q11) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bjerkehagen B Dietrich C Reed W Micci F Saeter G Berner A Nesland JM Heim S 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1999,435(5):524-530
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumour that can be difficult to diagnose correctly, especially
preoperatively. We describe four cases of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the extremities diagnosed by a multimodal
approach. The cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates showed small and round, mildly pleomorphic cells lying in sheets
and cords, but also dispersed within a myxoid and metachromatic intercellular substance. Histological, electron microscopic
and immunocytochemical examination also yielded findings compatible with the diagnosis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.
Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated a t(9;22)(q22;q12) in two tumours and a t(9;17)(q22;q11) in the third and fourth. The translocation
t(9;22)(q22;q12) has been described repeatedly in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma but never in other tumours; hence, the
detection of this pathognomonic chromosome abnormality in short-term cultured cells from fine-needle aspirates verified the
diagnosis in two of the cases. The t(9;17)(q22;q11) found in the last two cases probably represents a new cytogenetic subgroup
of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma as it, too, is unknown in other contexts. The multimodal approach taken in these four
cases enabled a definite diagnosis of a rare malignant tumour whose cytological and histological features alone are usually
not sufficiently distinct to rule out other differential diagnostic possibilities.
Received: 16 March 1999 / Accepted: 1 June 1999 相似文献
13.
Jahn M. Nesland Giuseppe Millonig Andrew Wilson Jan Vincents Johannessen 《Ultrastructural pathology》1982,3(3):295-300
This paper summarizes the rapid preparation procedures for electron microscopy published thus far and assesses their strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss whether there is a real need for rapid preparation techniques in diagnostic electron microscopic work. 相似文献
14.
Genetic alterations of the tumour suppressor gene regions 3p, 11p, 13q, 17p, and 17q in human breast carcinomas. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Tone I. Andersen Astrid Gaustad Anne-Lise Brresen George W. Farrants Jahn M. Nesland Lars Ottestad Kjell M. Tveit 《Genes, chromosomes & cancer》1992,4(2):113-121
Fifty-nine primary breast carcinomas and 11 metastases were examined to identify genetic alterations in the tumour suppressor gene regions 3p, 11p, 13q, 17p, and 17q. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was frequently observed on chromosome arms 17p (p144D6 lost in 75%, pYNZ22.1 in 55%, and TP53 in 48% of the primary tumours), 13q (RBI lost in 40% of the primary tumours), and 17q (pRMU3 lost in 35%, pTHH59 in 29%, and NM23HI in 26% of the primary tumours). Loss of all the markers except p144D6 was observed even more frequently in the metastases. Pairwise comparisons for concordance of allele losses on 17p indicated that there might be two genes on 17p implicated in breast cancer development; the TP53 gene and a gene located close to the p144D6 and pYNZ22.1 markers. LOH of the RBI gene was associated with LOH of pYNZ22.1 and p144D6, but not with LOH of TP53. LOH of RBI and TP53 was associated with occurrence of ductal carcinomas, RBI and p144D6 losses with tumour size, and p144D6 losses with positive node status as well. LOH of TP53 and the three 17q markers NM23HI, pTHH59, and pRMU3 was most frequently observed in tumours from postmenopausal women. p144D6 losses occurred most frequently in progesterone receptor-negative tumours, whereas pTHH59 losses occurred most frequently in oestrogen receptor-negative tumours. LOH of the investigated loci was not associated with ERBB2 protooncogene amplification, with positive family history of breast cancer, or with survival. 相似文献
15.
Pedro Kringen Yun Wang Vanessa Dumeaux Jahn M Nesland Gunnar Kristensen Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale Anne Dorum 《BMC cancer》2005,5(1):134
Background
Ovarian carcinomas from 30 BRCA1 germ-line carriers of two distinct high penetrant founder mutations, 20 carrying the 1675delA and 10 the 1135insA, and 100 sporadic cases were characterized for somatic mutations in the TP53 gene. We analyzed differences in relation to BRCA1 germline status, TP53 status, survival and age at diagnosis, as previous studies have not been conclusive. 相似文献16.
Junsheng Wang Fuyou Zhou Mingzhi Zhang Karl‐Erik Giercksky Jahn M Nesland Zhenhe Suo 《Histopathology》2013,62(7):1028-1037
Aims
To investigate the aberrant expression of CD117 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its prognostic significance.Methods and results
Immunohistochemical staining for CD117 was performed on tissue microarray and routine tissue sections from 157 oesophageal SCC patients and 10 normal oesophageal epithelia adjacent to tumour. The positive rate of CD117 expression was 29.9% in oesophageal SCC tissues, whereas no CD117 expression was detected in the 10 normal oesophageal epithelia. CD117 expression was significantly associated with T stage (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.015), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.019), and clinical stage (P = 0.021). Progression‐free survival in the patients with CD117‐positive tumours was shorter than that in the patients with CD117‐negative tumours (P = 0.010). In univariate analyses, CD117 expression was the most significant factor for overall survival of oesophageal SCC patients (P < 0.001), followed by lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), T stage (P = 0.002), clinical stage (P = 0.006), distant metastasis (P = 0.020), and histological grade (P = 0.027). Multivariate analyses verified that CD117 expression was an independent prognostic marker for oesophageal SCC patients (P = 0.002). In addition, CD117 expression predicted poorer survival in patients without distant metastases.Conclusions
CD117 expression in operable oesophageal SCC may be a valuable prognostic marker, and detection of its expression in clinical samples may be useful in defining a subclass of oesophageal SCCs with extremely poor clinical outcome, which may require a specially targeted treatment modality. 相似文献17.
18.
Pia Cecilie Bing-Jonsson RN MSc PhD Linn Hege Førsund RN MSc PhD Jarle Hansen Stålesen MSc Birgitte Vabo Nesland RN Ina Cecilie Lindholm RN Olga Rugsland Espegren Physio MBA 《Scandinavian journal of caring sciences》2023,37(4):1057-1066
Aims and Objectives
This study reports from a municipality in Norway that implemented a competence enhancement programme for all its institutional nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic to fill identified competence gaps.Background
Many Norwegian municipalities are experiencing a demand for expanded community healthcare services due to an increase in elderly patients and patients with extensive and complex needs. At the same time, most municipalities are striving to recruit and keep competent health personnel. New ways of organising and increasing the competence of the workforce may help ensure that the healthcare delivered corresponds to patients' changing needs.Design and Methods
Nursing staff were encouraged to complete targeted competence enhancing activities with the aim of enhancing their competence in identified areas. The learning activities were blended and consisted of e-learning courses, lectures, supervision, vocational training and meetings with a superior. Competence was measured before and after the competence enhancing activities (n = 96). The STROBE checklist was applied.Results
The results provide insight into the competence development of registered nurses and assistant nurses in institutional community health services. They show that the implementation of a workplace-based blended learning programme improved competence significantly, especially for assistant nurses.Conclusions
Offering workplace-based competence enhancing activities seems to be a sustainable way of facilitating lifelong learning among nursing staff. Facilitation of learning activities in a blended learning space may enhance accessibility and increase the potential for participation. A combination of reorganisation of roles and simultaneous competence enhancing activities can ensure that both managers and nursing staff prioritise filling competence gaps. 相似文献19.
20.
Clara Sambade Kaarle Franssila José Cameselle-Teijeiro Jahn Nesland Manuel Sobrinho-Simões 《Endocrine pathology》1991,2(2):83-91
We describe the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopical features of 9 tumors fulfilling the
criteria of the so-called hyalinizing trabecular adenoma (HTA) of the thyroid. Six tumors had the characteristic histology
of HTA throughout, whereas in the remaining 3 tumors the classic pattern was identified focally in otherwise typical or atypical
follicular adenomas. In one case, there was a focus of tumoral tissue outside the capsule, and in another there was a regional
lymph node metastasis. Seven tumors were immunoreactive for thyroglobulin and cytokeratins, 1 tumor was positive for thyroglobulin
and negative for cytokeratins, and another was negative for thyroglobulin and positive for cytokeratins. Scattered cells immunoreactive
for neurotensin and somatostatin were found in 2 cases. Every tumor stained for S100 protein and neuron-specific enolase,
but none showed immunoreactivity for calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, or chromogranin. The irregularity of the
nuclear contours, the prominence of the cytoplasmic bundles of intermediate filaments, and the accumulation of basal lamina
material around the neoplastic cells without the interposition of a well-defined basal lamina were the most distinctive electron
microscopical features. The cytogenetic study performed in one case revealed, apart from cells with a normal karyotype, two
abnormal clones: one with a translocation of chromosomes 2-3 and another with the same translocation and trisomies of chromosomes
7 and 12. Our results show that most HTAs display follicular cell differentiation and very low clinical aggressiveness. They
also show that some HTAs are able to coexpress follicular cell and neuroendocrine markers and may behave like malignant neoplasms.
We conclude that hyalinizing trabecular tumor is a more appropriate generic term than HTA to designate this relatively heterogenous
group of lesions of the thyroid gland. 相似文献