Imaging for neuro-ophthalmic and orbital disease – a review

A literature review was performed by content experts in neuro-ophthalmology and neuroradiology using a systematic English-language Medline search (1994–2008) limited to articles with relevance to neuro-ophthalmic and orbital imaging. The information covered in this review includes: (i) the basic mechanics, indications and contraindications for cranial and orbital computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; (ii) the utility and indications for intravenous contrast, (iii) the use of specific MR sequences; (iv) the techniques and ophthalmic indications for computed tomography/MR angiography and venography; and (v) the techniques and indications for functional MR imaging, positron emission tomography scanning and single photon emission computed tomography. Throughout the review accurate and timely communication with the neuroradiologist regarding the clinical findings and suspected location of lesions is emphasized so as to optimize the ordering and interpretation of imaging studies for the ophthalmologist.     

Anaesthetic issues in in-vitro fertilisation

Background: Ultrasonically guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval is a relatively short procedure that is performed on an outpatient basis. Any anaesthetic technique may interfere with certain aspects of human oocyte fertilisation or embryo implantation. The optimal anaesthetic technique should allow good surgical anaesthesia with minimal side effects, a short recovery time and high rate of successful pregnancy.     

INCIDENCE OF ANTI-SPERM ANTIBODIES IN INFERTILE MALE POPULATION

The prevalence of anti-sperm antibodies was assessed in 100 patients of male factor infertility. Majority of the patients were in 30-35 years age group. 18% of these patients had anti-sperm antibodies in their seminal fluid and 16% in their serum.KEY WORDS: Agglutination, Anti-sperm antibodies, Infertility