Concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer

Management of Head and Neck Cancers poses a challenge inspite of several advances because of poor success in terms of response rate, survival and reduced morbidity of the patients. In the present study 30 untreated histologically proven cases of head and neck cancers were subjected to weekly radiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin 30 mg/m² intravenously). This study group was compared with a group of 30 patients who were given only radiotherapy. Results have shown that combination of chemotherapy with radiotherapy gives a significantly better results in tumour as well as nodal response with minimal toxicities.     

Relative pharmacokinetics of three amikacin brands in onco-hemotologic pediatric patients experiencing febrile neutropeina.

Three commercially available brands of amikacin were investigated in a parallel study design for the assessment of comparative pharmacokinetics in pediatric oncology patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenic febrile episode. Amikacin concentration in serum samples was determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay method using Abbott TDx system. Computer software, PK II was used for computation of pharmacokinetic parameters of amikacin. The serum concentration of all brands nonsignificantly (p > 0.05) varied at all time points, except at 1 and 2 hrs post dosing. At 1 hr post dosing, the serum concentration of brand II varied from rest of two brands. Whereas at 2 hr following I/V infusion, brands II and I were statistically different. Highest serum concentration of 38.69 +/- 1.45 microg/ml was observed in case of brand III while brands I and II showed lower but not significantly different serum concentration values, i.e., 36.30 +/- 1.65 and 37.89 +/- 1.32 microg/ml, respectively when compared with brand I. The other pharmacokinetic parameters of 3 brands found to have non-significant difference (P < 0.05) except, t(1/2)alpha and Cl of brands I and II that deviated statistically significant (p < 0.01). The relative bioavailability of brand II and III as compared with brand I, considered as standard 86.17 and 96.86%, respectively falls within the accepted limits of +/- 20% required for the bioequivalence of any two brands. Based upon findings of the present study, all these brands may be used interchangeably in oncology patients. Further studies, however are needed to determine whether the statistically elevated Cl value in brand II is of any clinical significance.     

吸烟、饮酒与胆道癌关系的全人群病例对照研究

 目的　探讨吸烟、饮酒与胆道癌的关系。方法　采用全人群病例对照研究 ,研究对象为 1997年6月 1日～ 2 0 0 1年 5月 31日期间确诊的、年龄在 35～ 74岁的上海市区 6 2 7例胆道癌新发病例以及按性别、年龄 (5岁一组 )频数配对的 95 9例人群对照。采用非条件logistic回归模型分析吸烟、饮酒与胆道癌的关系。结果　男性中 ,吸烟对肝外胆管癌和壶腹癌各组的调整OR均大于 1,现仍吸烟者的调整OR分别为 1.5 1(95 %CI:0 .86～ 2 .6 6 ) ,1.5 8(95 %CI:0 .6 9～ 3.5 8) ;OR随吸烟年限增加和开始吸烟年龄提早有所升高 ,但均未达显著水平。饮酒对胆道癌各组OR均无统计学意义。结论　吸烟也许与肝外胆管癌、壶腹癌有联系 ,未发现吸烟与胆囊癌的显著性关联 ;未发现饮酒与胆道癌的显著性关联。     

胆囊癌与妊娠关系的全人群病例对照研究

目的探讨胆囊癌与妊娠的关系.方法采用全人群病例对照研究,研究对象为1997年6月1日～2001年5月31日期间确诊、年龄在35～74岁的上海市区女性胆囊癌269例以及按年龄(5岁一组)频数配对的538名人群对照,采用非条件lo-gistic回归模型分析妊娠与胆囊癌的关系.结果胆囊癌合并胆石症者中,与妊娠次数≤2次者比较,妊娠次数(3次,4次,5次及≥6次)的各组调整OR分别为1.33(95%CI:0.59-2.99),1.34(95%CI:0.58-3.11),1.39(95%CI:0.57-3.43)和2.67(95%CI:1.12-6.41),趋势检验P=0.03.结论多次妊娠可能通过胆石症影响胆囊癌的发生,生育因素导致的女性体内雌、孕激素水平的升高可能在胆囊癌病因学中起一定的作用.     

身体质量指数及腰臀围比与胆道癌关系的探讨

目的:探讨身体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀围比(WHR)与胆道癌的关系.方法:采用非条件logistic回归模型分析身体质量指数、腰臀围比与胆道癌的关系.结果:与正常BMI组比较,胆囊癌女性20～29岁、30～39岁肥胖组的OR与趋势检验均达到或接近显著水平.与腰臀围比四分位最低组比较,胆囊癌和肝外胆管癌男女性最高四分位组OR和趋势检验均达到显著水平.结论:青年时期肥胖可能会增加胆囊癌的发病风险;腰臀围比也是胆囊癌和肝外胆管癌独立的危险因素.     

Signet-ring cell or mucinous histology after preoperative chemoradiation and survival in patients with esophageal or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE: The survival of patients with local-regional adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction (EGJ) treated with preoperative chemoradiation is much better in patients with pathologic complete response than those with residual tumor. Some adenocarcinomas have mixed patterns, including signet-ring cell and mucinous histology, but the clinical significance of these subtypes is unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We studied 412 consecutive patients with esophageal or EGJ adenocarcinoma treated with chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy (193 patients) or surgery alone (219 patients). We evaluated signet-ring cell and mucinous histology in the resection and pretherapy biopsy specimens and compared clinicopathologic features with overall survival. RESULTS: The fraction of signet-ring cell and mucinous histology was similar in evaluated specimens of patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation or surgery alone (17% and 18%, respectively). The overall survival rate at 5 years of patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation was significantly better if residual signet-ring cell or mucinous histology was present in the esophagectomy specimen (63% versus 28%; P = 0.02). All 13 patients with acellular mucin pools and no residual carcinoma are still alive after an average follow-up time of 36 months. By contrast, in patients treated with surgery alone, overall survival rate was significantly worse if signet-ring cell or mucinous histology was present (14% versus 30%; P = 0.05). In multivariate analysis, overall survival was independently predicted by presence of signet-ring cell or mucinous histology (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that patients with esophageal or EGJ adenocarcinoma who have signet-ring cell or mucinous histology benefited substantially from preoperative chemoradiation and esophagectomy.     

手术对Ⅳ期胆囊癌预后的影响

目的分析不同手术方式对Ⅳ期胆囊癌预后的影响.方法对1997年6月～2001年5月间上海市172例Ⅳ期胆囊癌病例进行临床病理分析,并对获得随访的164例的预后与手术方式的关系进行探讨.数据分析采用Kaplan-Meier法.结果 172例中未手术者44例(25.6%),手术者128例(74.4%),其中包括单纯胆囊切除术45例(35.1%)、胆囊癌根治性切除术17例(13.3%)、胆囊癌扩大根治性切除术5例(3.9%)和剖腹探查术61例(47.7%).在行根治性切除者中,Ⅳa和Ⅳb期的1年生存率分别为69.2%和40.7%,明显好于胆囊未切除或单纯切除者,在Ⅳa和Ⅳb期中各有2例存活期超过5年.结论有选择地进行Ⅳ期胆囊癌病例根治性或扩大根治性手术,有助于改善预后.     

上海市胆道癌病理形态特征的初步观察:附487例分析

目的研究上海市区居民胆道癌病理形态特征和鉴别诊断.方法自1997年6月～2001年5月在上海市区开展基于全人群的胆道癌病例-对照研究,总共收集病理切片1 228例,包括胆道癌487例(其中胆囊癌322例,肝外胆管癌105例和壶腹癌60例),胆道结石和胆囊炎对照病例721例,胆道腺瘤20例,由中、美资深病理医师复查,按世界卫生组织1991年胆囊和肝外胆管肿瘤组织学分型进行分类.结果病理标本以切除标本为主,肿瘤大小为多数小于4 cm,组织学类型中70%以上为腺癌,肿瘤组织学分级以高分化和中分化占绝大多数,TNM分期中0～Ⅱ期的胆囊癌和肝外胆管癌约占1/3,壶腹癌近2/3.病理复查结果显示诊断过头占1.8%,诊断不足占0.6%,漏诊占0.1%;随访结果显示根治术后的5年生存率:胆囊癌40.7%、肝外胆管癌11.1%和壶腹癌26.9%.结论病理复查可以统一诊断标准,提高确诊率,为全人群病例-对照研究和多学科协作积累经验.