某高校新生军训期间伤病情况及防治对策

目的了解高校新生军训的伤病情况,为制订合理的防治措施提供科学依据。方法统计军训期间在医疗服务站点和校医院门诊疾病情况统计,并针对性的提出防治措施。结果新生军训期间伤病有着一定的规律和特点,女生就诊率高于男生,排在首位的是上呼吸道感染,其次为胃肠炎和急性结膜炎;2004年就诊率29.76%,2005年就诊率25.50%,2006年就诊率22.20%。结论新生军训期间的伤病情况不容乐观,加强健康教育,做好军训期间的医疗保健和卫生监督工作十分必要。     

心肌肥厚大鼠免疫功能的变化及人参皂甙的调节作用

以狭窄腹主动脉方法所致大鼠心肌肥厚模型显示，在大鼠尾动脉血压升高，左心室壁增厚的同时，出现胸腺脾Ｔ细胞增殖能力降低，ＩＬ－２分泌量也明显下降，人参皂甙（５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１，ｓｃ）在缓解血压增高的同时，能部分地升高其免疫水平，提示该药对由于心肌肥厚所出现的免疫抑制现象具有一定的调节作用。     

Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype

Tumors are stiffer than normal tissue, and tumors have altered integrins. Because integrins are mechanotransducers that regulate cell fate, we asked whether tissue stiffness could promote malignant behavior by modulating integrins. We found that tumors are rigid because they have a stiff stroma and elevated Rho-dependent cytoskeletal tension that drives focal adhesions, disrupts adherens junctions, perturbs tissue polarity, enhances growth, and hinders lumen formation. Matrix stiffness perturbs epithelial morphogenesis by clustering integrins to enhance ERK activation and increase ROCK-generated contractility and focal adhesions. Contractile, EGF-transformed epithelia with elevated ERK and Rho activity could be phenotypically reverted to tissues lacking focal adhesions if Rho-generated contractility or ERK activity was decreased. Thus, ERK and Rho constitute part of an integrated mechanoregulatory circuit linking matrix stiffness to cytoskeletal tension through integrins to regulate tissue phenotype.     

Total skin-sparing mastectomy without preservation of the nipple-areola complex

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that total skin-sparing mastectomy (TSM) including where the skin overlying the nipple and areola is preserved would be oncologically safe and facilitate improved cosmetic reconstruction. METHODS: A review (May 2003 through January 2005) was completed on all procedures that were performed through an inframammary incision or a previous scar with reconstruction using Botox, AlloDerm, and a subpectoral tissue implant. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients had 50 TSMs. Twelve percent (6/50) of TSMs had the skin of the nipple and areola resected: 4 (14% of tumors) because of tumor involvement and 2 (4%) because of skin necrosis. Fourteen percent of patients had other complications: 4% (2/50) had infection and/or flap necrosis and 10% (5/50) had superficial epidermolysis requiring no intervention, for a total complication rate of 18%. Average cosmetic score was 8.5 (range 4 to 10). No recurrences are evident after mean follow-up of 7.9 +/- 5.4 months. CONCLUSION: Our short-term experience suggests that TSM has an acceptable complication rate, is theoretically oncologically safe, and facilitates an improved cosmetic result.     

Comparative sequencing provides insights about the structure and conservation of marsupial and monotreme genomes

Sequencing and comparative analyses of genomes from multiple vertebrates are providing insights about the genetic basis for biological diversity. To date, these efforts largely have focused on eutherian mammals, chicken, and fish. In this article, we describe the generation and study of genomic sequences from noneutherian mammals, a group of species occupying unusual phylogenetic positions. A large sequence data set (totaling >5 Mb) was generated for the same orthologous region in three marsupial (North American opossum, South American opossum, and Australian tammar wallaby) and one monotreme (platypus) genomes. These ancient mammalian genomes are characterized by unusual architectural features with respect to G + C and repeat content, as well as compression relative to human. Approximately 14% and 34% of the human sequence forms alignments with the orthologous sequence from platypus and the marsupials, respectively; these numbers are distinctly lower than that observed with nonprimate eutherian mammals (45-70%). The alignable sequences between human and each marsupial species are not completely overlapping (only 80% common to all three species) nor are the platypus-alignable sequences completely contained within the marsupial-alignable sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of synonymous coding positions reveals that platypus has a notably long branch length, with the human-platypus substitution rate being on average 55% greater than that seen with human-marsupial pairs. Finally, analyses of the major mammalian lineages reveal distinct patterns with respect to the common presence of evolutionarily conserved vertebrate sequences. Our results confirm that genomic sequence from noneutherian mammals can contribute uniquely to unraveling the functional and evolutionary histories of the mammalian genome.     

Novel radioprotectant drugs for sparing radiation-induced damage to the physis

PURPOSE: To determine if pentoxifylline, interleukin 1alpha, selenium and misoprostol can minimize damage to physeal longitudinal growth during single radiation dose exposure in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-seven weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 15 drug/dose groups. All groups received a single 17.5-Gy gamma-irradiation exposure to the right knee, the left limb serving as an internal control. Pentoxifylline was injected 30 min before exposure, sodium selenite and interleukin 1alpha 24 h before exposure and misoprostol 2 h before exposure. Positive controls received 17.5 Gy. At 6 weeks, animals were sacrificed, the hind limb lengths were measured and detailed histomorphometric analysis was performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant reductions (p < or = 0.03) in mean limb length discrepancy compared with irradiation alone were seen following administration of pentoxifylline (50 mg kg(-1)), interleukin 1alpha (15 mcg kg(-1)), selenium (5 mg kg(-1)) and misoprostol (20 mg kg(-1)). Histomorphometric endpoints and growth rate remained altered at 6 weeks despite treatment, but length discrepancy reduction was highly correlated with the appearance of regenerative clones. CONCLUSIONS: Each drug reduced the amount of anticipated growth arrest in the animal model and some compared favourably in magnitude with that previously demonstrated for the established radioprotectant drug amifostine. Restoration of growth appears related to appearance of regenerative clones.     

Combinations of radioprotectants spare radiation-induced damage to the physis

Radiotherapy used in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas in pediatric patients often results in undesirable growth plate damage. Radioprotectants may hold promise in the selective protection of growth plate tissue in this setting. In an animal model, the hypothesis tested was that pentoxifylline, selenium, or misoprostol, used in combination with amifostine, would significantly reduce longitudinal growth loss during one radiation dose exposure to a greater extent than the protection provided by only amifostine without increased morbidity or mortality or adverse effects on bone mineral density. Amifostine alone and in combination with each of the other radioprotectants resulted in limb discrepancy reduction to levels significantly less than radiated controls. The tibial length discrepancy in the selenium and amifostine group was 12.1 +/- 0.8%, less than the 15.5 +/- 2.6% tibial length discrepancy in the animals treated with amifostine alone, and less than the mean 18.8% tibial length discrepancy in the radiated limbs without radioprotection. There were no adverse effects on bone density in any group, but the selenium and amifostine group showed some increased mortality. Combinations of amifostine with these radioprotectants show efficacy in growth plate radioprotection and therefore warrant additional study in a clinically relevant fractionated model.     

Anthropomorphic simulations of falls,shakes, and inflicted impacts in infants

OBJECT: Rotational loading conditions have been shown to produce subdural hemorrhage and diffuse axonal injury. No experimental data are available with which to compare the rotational response of the head of an infant during accidental and inflicted head injuries. The authors sought to compare rotational deceleration sustained by the head among free falls, from different heights onto different surfaces, with those sustained during shaking and inflicted impact. METHODS: An anthropomorphic surrogate of a 1.5-month-old human infant was constructed and used to simulate falls from 0.3 m (1 ft), 0.9 m (3 ft), and 1.5 m (5 ft), as well as vigorous shaking and inflicted head impact. During falls, the surrogate experienced occipital contact against a concrete surface, carpet pad, or foam mattress. For shakes, investigators repeatedly shook the surrogate in an anteroposterior plane; inflicted impact was defined as the terminal portion of a vigorous shake, in which the surrogate's occiput made contact with a rigid or padded surface. Rotational velocity was recorded directly and the maximum (peak-peak) change in angular velocity (delta theta(max)) and the peak angular acceleration (theta(max)) were calculated. Analysis of variance revealed significant increases in the delta theta(max) and theta(max) associated with falls onto harder surfaces and from higher heights. During inflicted impacts against rigid surfaces, the delta theta(max) and theta(max) were significantly greater than those measured under all other conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Vigorous shakes of this infant model produced rotational responses similar to those resulting from minor falls, but inflicted impacts produced responses that were significantly higher than even a 1.5-m fall onto concrete. Because larger accelerations are associated with an increasing likelihood of injury, the findings indicate that inflicted impacts against hard surfaces are more likely to be associated with inertial brain injuries than falls from a height less than 1.5 m or from shaking.