全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2038篇 |
免费 | 213篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 8篇 |
儿科学 | 69篇 |
妇产科学 | 104篇 |
基础医学 | 203篇 |
口腔科学 | 51篇 |
临床医学 | 238篇 |
内科学 | 479篇 |
皮肤病学 | 88篇 |
神经病学 | 120篇 |
特种医学 | 88篇 |
外科学 | 240篇 |
综合类 | 68篇 |
一般理论 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 181篇 |
眼科学 | 45篇 |
药学 | 194篇 |
肿瘤学 | 71篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 36篇 |
2020年 | 24篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 40篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 47篇 |
2013年 | 46篇 |
2012年 | 76篇 |
2011年 | 81篇 |
2010年 | 43篇 |
2009年 | 37篇 |
2008年 | 80篇 |
2007年 | 85篇 |
2006年 | 76篇 |
2005年 | 87篇 |
2004年 | 76篇 |
2003年 | 62篇 |
2002年 | 80篇 |
2001年 | 75篇 |
2000年 | 65篇 |
1999年 | 65篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 30篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 55篇 |
1991年 | 43篇 |
1990年 | 56篇 |
1989年 | 46篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 45篇 |
1986年 | 43篇 |
1985年 | 57篇 |
1984年 | 35篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1981年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 21篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1974年 | 18篇 |
1972年 | 17篇 |
1971年 | 19篇 |
1968年 | 16篇 |
1967年 | 17篇 |
1966年 | 17篇 |
排序方式: 共有2252条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Beverley Elizabeth Chalmers Susie Dzakpasu 《Journal of reproductive and infant psychology》2015,33(4):374-387
Objective: To examine whether interventions in labour and birth contributed to ratings of satisfaction with these experiences, in women giving birth vaginally or attempting a vaginal birth prior to giving birth by caesarean section. Background: Ratings of satisfaction with women’s overall experience of labour and birth have long been encouraged, yet remain challenging to assess or to interpret. Methods: Data from the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey (MES) – a nationally representative sample of women who had a singleton live birth in 2005–2006 – were analysed. Associations between the number of and type of labour and birth interventions, and women’s satisfaction with the overall labour and birth experience and six aspects of caregiver interactions, were assessed. Results: Among women having vaginal births, fewer interventions during labour was significantly associated with higher overall satisfaction with the labour and birth experience (ranging from 75% of women having no interventions to 46.4% having eight or more interventions rating their experiences as ‘very postive’). The same pattern was observed for satisfaction with women’s perceptions of caregiver’s respect, concern for dignity, compassion shown to them, the information given to them, their involvement in decision making, and caregiver’s competence. Among women having unplanned caesarean sections following attempted vaginal birth, the number of interventions was not associated with satisfaction ratings; however, satisfaction ratings were consistently lower than among women giving birth vaginally. Conclusion: These findings provide support for demedicalising vaginal labour and birth as well as for optimising the potential for a vaginal birth rather than caesarean section. 相似文献
52.
Sean Molloy Maggie Lai Guy Pratt Karthik Ramasamy David Wilson Nasir Quraishi Martin Auger David Cumming Maqsood Punekar Michael Quinn Debo Ademonkun Fenella Willis Jane Tighe Gordon Cook Alistair Stirling Timothy Bishop Cathy Williams Bronek Boszczyk Jeremy Reynolds Mel Grainger Niall Craig Alastair Hamilton Isobel Chalmers Sam Ahmedzai Susanne Selvadurai Eric Low Charalampia Kyriakou the UK Spinal Myeloma Working Group 《British journal of haematology》2015,171(3):332-343
Myeloma is one of the most common malignancies that results in osteolytic lesions of the spine. Complications, including pathological fractures of the vertebrae and spinal cord compression, may cause severe pain, deformity and neurological sequelae. They may also have significant consequences for quality of life and prognosis for patients. For patients with known or newly diagnosed myeloma presenting with persistent back or radicular pain/weakness, early diagnosis of spinal myeloma disease is therefore essential to treat and prevent further deterioration. Magnetic resonance imaging is the initial imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of spinal disease. Treatment of the underlying malignancy with systemic chemotherapy together with supportive bisphosphonate treatment reduces further vertebral damage. Additional interventions such as cement augmentation, radiotherapy, or surgery are often necessary to prevent, treat and control spinal complications. However, optimal management is dependent on the individual nature of the spinal involvement and requires careful assessment and appropriate intervention throughout. This article reviews the treatment and management options for spinal myeloma disease and highlights the value of defined pathways to enable the proper management of patients affected by it. 相似文献
53.
Michael A. Weber MD Ernesto L. Schiffrin MD William B. White MD Samuel Mann MD Lars H. Lindholm MD John G. Kenerson MD John M. Flack MD Barry L. Carter Pharm D Barry J. Materson MD C. Venkata S. Ram MD Debbie L. Cohen MD Jean‐Claude Cadet MD Roger R. Jean‐Charles MD Sandra Taler MD David Kountz MD Raymond R. Townsend MD John Chalmers MD Agustin J. Ramirez MD George L. Bakris MD Jiguang Wang MD Aletta E. Schutte MD John D. Bisognano MD Rhian M. Touyz MD Dominic Sica MD Stephen B. Harrap MD 《Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)》2014,16(1):14-26
54.
W. G. Mackay K. Smith C. Williams C. Chalmers R. Masterton 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2014,33(12):2121-2130
The demographics of the healthcare population are changing, with an ever-greater proportion of people being treated outside the traditional hospital setting through community healthcare. This shift in the way that healthcare is delivered raises new concerns over community healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). A literature search between 2000 and December 2013 was conducted in databases including PubMed, SciVerse ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. National and international guideline and policy documents were searched using Google. Many terms were used in the literature searches, including ‘nosocomial’, ‘healthcare infection’, ‘community’ and ‘nursing home’. The rates of HCAI in community healthcare are similar to the rates found in the acute hospital setting, but the types of infection differ, with a greater focus on urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the community and ventilator-associated pneumonias in the hospital setting. Patients who acquire a community HCAI are more likely to exhibit reduced physical condition, have increased levels of morbidity and have higher mortality rates than individuals without infection. Infection control programmes have been developed worldwide to reduce the rates of hospital HCAIs. Such interventions are equally as valid in the community, but how best to implement them and their subsequent impact are much less well understood. The future is clear: HCAIs in the community are going to become an ever-increasing burden and it is critical that our approach to these infections is brought quickly in line with present hospital sector standards. 相似文献
55.
56.
Zoungas S Chalmers J Ninomiya T Li Q Cooper ME Colagiuri S Fulcher G de Galan BE Harrap S Hamet P Heller S MacMahon S Marre M Poulter N Travert F Patel A Neal B Woodward M;ADVANCE Collaborative Group 《Diabetologia》2012,55(3):636-643
Aims/hypothesis
There is conflicting evidence regarding appropriate glycaemic targets for patients with type 2 diabetes. Here, we investigate the relationship between HbA1c and the risks of vascular complications and death in such patients.Methods
Eleven thousand one hundred and forty patients were randomised to intensive or standard glucose control in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial. Glycaemic exposure was assessed as the mean of HbA1c measurements during follow-up and prior to the first event. Adjusted risks for each HbA1c decile were estimated using Cox models. Possible differences in the association between HbA1c and risks at different levels of HbA1c were explored using linear spline models.Results
There was a non-linear relationship between mean HbA1c during follow-up and the risks of macrovascular events, microvascular events and death. Within the range of HbA1c studied (5.5?C10.5%), there was evidence of ??thresholds??, such that below HbA1c levels of 7.0% for macrovascular events and death, and 6.5% for microvascular events, there was no significant change in risks (all p?>?0.8). Above these thresholds, the risks increased significantly: every 1% higher HbA1c level was associated with a 38% higher risk of a macrovascular event, a 40% higher risk of a microvascular event and a 38% higher risk of death (all p?0.0001).Conclusions/interpretation
In patients with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c levels were associated with lower risks of macrovascular events and death down to a threshold of 7.0% and microvascular events down to a threshold of 6.5%. There was no evidence of lower risks below these levels but neither was there clear evidence of harm.Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrial.gov NCT00145925Funding:
Servier and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (project grant ID 211086 and programme grant IDs 358395 and 571281) 相似文献57.
58.
McAllister DA Maclay JD Mills NL Leitch A Reid P Carruthers R O'Connor J McAlpine L Chalmers G Newby DE Clark E Macfarlane PW Macnee W 《The European respiratory journal》2012,39(5):1097-1103
Cardiovascular disease is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and raised troponin is common in exacerbations. However, the prevalence of myocardial infarction following hospitalisation for exacerbation of COPD is unknown. Patients aged ≥ 40 yrs hospitalised with acute exacerbation of COPD (n = 242) with ≥ 10 pack-yrs of cigarette smoking were included in a prospective case series conducted in four hospitals. Patients whose primary presenting complaint was chest pain or who had an alternative diagnosis were excluded. Chest pain histories, serial ECGs and troponin levels were obtained. The mean ± SD age was 69 ± 9 yrs; 108 (45%) patients were male and almost half were current smokers. 124 (51%; 95% CI 48-58%) patients had chest pain, which was exertional in 62 (26%). 24 (10%) had raised troponin, among whom, 20 (8.3%; 95% CI 5.1-12.5%) had chest pain and/or serial ECG changes, fulfilling the 2007 Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Neither chest pain (p = 0.77) nor serial ECG changes (p = 0.39) were associated with raised troponin. Raised troponin, chest pain and serial ECG changes are common in patients admitted to hospital with exacerbation of COPD. Overall, one in 12 patients met the criteria for myocardial infarction. Whether these patients would benefit from further cardiac investigation is unknown. 相似文献
59.
60.
Gerd Fabian Volk MD Nadja Wystub Martin Pohlmann MD Mira Finkensieper MD Heather J. Chalmers DVM Orlando Guntinas-Lichius MD 《Muscle & nerve》2013,47(6):878-883
Introduction: There is no standardized method for examination of facial muscles with ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to identify those facial muscles accessible for reliable identification and to provide reference data. Methods: In healthy subjects all facial muscles were screened for visibility, separation from adjacent muscles, and reliability of landmarks. Bilateral scans of reliable muscles were performed in 40 adult volunteers. Results: Six facial muscles were clearly demarcated with ultrasound. These were: frontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, and mentalis muscles. Cross-sectional area and muscle thickness showed gender differences and were independently related to age for some muscles. A significant left–right side difference was only seen for the orbicularis oculi muscle in women. Conclusions: These data demonstrate the usefulness of ultrasonography to assess facial muscles and provide reference values that can be applied in the clinical setting. Muscle Nerve 47: 878–883, 2013 相似文献