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排序方式: 共有336条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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Nino Stocchetti Fabio S Taccone Giuseppe Citerio Paul E Pepe Peter D Le Roux Mauro Oddo Kees H Polderman Robert D Stevens William Barsan Andrew IR Maas Geert Meyfroidt Michael J Bell Robert Silbergleit Paul M Vespa Alan I Faden Raimund Helbok Samuel Tisherman Elisa R Zanier Terence Valenzuela Julia Wendon David K Menon Jean-Louis Vincent 《Critical care (London, England)》2015,19(1)
Neuroprotective strategies that limit secondary tissue loss and/or improve functional outcomes have been identified in multiple animal models of ischemic, hemorrhagic, traumatic and nontraumatic cerebral lesions. However, use of these potential interventions in human randomized controlled studies has generally given disappointing results. In this paper, we summarize the current status in terms of neuroprotective strategies, both in the immediate and later stages of acute brain injury in adults. We also review potential new strategies and highlight areas for future research. 相似文献
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Collison KS Makhoul NJ Zaidi MZ Al-Rabiah R Inglis A Andres B Ubungen R Shoukri M Al-Mohanna FA 《Nutrition & metabolism》2012,9(1):58
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that the effects of certain food additives may be synergistic or additive. Aspartame (ASP) and Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) are ubiquitous food additives with a common moiety: both contain acidic amino acids which can act as neurotransmitters, interacting with NMDA receptors concentrated in areas of the Central Nervous System regulating energy expenditure and conservation. MSG has been shown to promote a neuroendocrine dysfunction when large quantities are administered to mammals during the neonatal period. ASP is a low-calorie dipeptide sweetener found in a wide variety of diet beverages and foods. However, recent reports suggest that ASP may promote weight gain and hyperglycemia in a zebrafish nutritional model. METHODS: We investigated the effects of ASP, MSG or a combination of both on glucose and insulin homeostasis, weight change and adiposity, in C57BL/6 J mice chronically exposed to these food additives commencing in-utero, compared to an additive-free diet. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the associations between body characteristics and variables in glucose and insulin homeostasis. RESULTS: ASP alone (50 mg/Kgbw/day) caused an increase in fasting blood glucose of 1.6-fold, together with reduced insulin sensitivity during an Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) P < 0.05. Conversely MSG alone decreased blood triglyceride and total cholesterol (T-CHOL) levels. The combination of MSG (120 mg/Kgbw/day) and ASP elevated body weight, and caused a further increase in fasting blood glucose of 2.3-fold compared to Controls (prediabetic levels); together with evidence of insulin resistance during the ITT (P < 0.05). T-CHOL levels were reduced in both ASP-containing diets in both genders. Further analysis showed a strong correlation between body weight at 6 weeks, and body weight and fasting blood glucose levels at 17 weeks, suggesting that early body weight may be a predictor of glucose homeostasis in later life. CONCLUSIONS: Aspartame exposure may promote hyperglycemia and insulin intolerance. MSG may interact with aspartame to further impair glucose homeostasis. This is the first study to ascertain the hyperglycemic effects of chronic exposure to a combination of these commonly consumed food additives; however these observations are limited to a C57BL/6 J mouse model. Caution should be applied in extrapolating these findings to other species. 相似文献
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Naja RP Kaspar H Shbaklo H Chakar N Makhoul NJ Zalloua PA 《American journal of hematology》2004,75(4):220-224
Beta-thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder in the Lebanese population. Of the 200 different mutations in the beta-globin gene that leads to thalassemia, the IVSI-110 (29.87%), IVSI-6 (20.74%), IVSI-1 (14.07%), IVSII-1 (9.13%), Cd29 (9.13%), and Cd30 (3.95%) mutations are the most frequent among Lebanese thalassemic patients. These mutations are also present at high frequencies in the East Mediterranean region. Due to this high prevalence of certain beta-thalassemia mutations, a rapid technique for the prenatal diagnosis of these mutations was implemented. The technique used is based on Real-Time PCR quantification and melting curve analysis of the amplified fragment using the LightCycler. The DNA samples used for amplification were obtained from CVS or amniotic fluid. Six mutations were easily and efficiently detected using only 3 sets of probes. With this method, mutant genotypes can be easily distinguished from normal alleles. In prenatal diagnosis, the accuracy and the speed of testing are paramount. The method of prenatal beta-thalassemia mutations detection described here is efficient and fast, with the entire procedure including DNA preparation taking less than half a workday. It is safe, does not involve radioactivity, and is accurate showing 100% concordance with conventional DNA sequencing methods. 相似文献
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Mohammad Naffaa Badira F. Makhoul Amjad Tobia Marielle Kaplan Doron Aronson Zaher S. Azzam Walid Saliba 《The American journal of emergency medicine》2014
Background
Procalcitonin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are well-known predictors of blood culture positivity in patients with sepsis. However, the association of procalcitonin and IL-6 with blood culture positivity was assessed separately in previous studies. This study aims to examine and compare the performance of procalcitonin and IL-6, measured concomitantly, in predicting blood culture positivity in patients with sepsis.Methods
Forty adult patients with sepsis were enrolled in the study. Blood cultures were drawn before the institution of antibiotic therapy. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was estimated to assess the performance of procalcitonin and IL-6 in predicting blood culture positivity.Results
Positive blood cultures were detected in 10 patients (25%). The AUC of procalcitonin and IL-6 was 0.85 and 0.61, respectively. The combined performance of procalcitonin and IL-6 was similar to that of procalcitonin alone, AUC of 0.85. On univariate analysis, only procalcitonin and IL-6 were associated with blood culture positivity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only procalcitonin was associated with blood culture positivity (odds ratio, 12.15 [1.29-114.0] for levels above the median compared with levels below the median). Using procalcitonin cut points of 1.35 and 2.14 (nanogram per milliliter) enabled 100% and 90% identification of positive blood cultures and reduced the need of blood cultures by 47.5% and 57.5%, respectively.Conclusions
Compared with IL-6, procalcitonin better predicts blood culture positivity in patients with sepsis. Using a predefined procalcitonin cut points will predict most positive blood cultures and reduce the need of blood cultures in almost half of patients with sepsis. 相似文献40.
Mohammad Naffaa Badira F. Makhoul Amjad Tobia Mishel Jarous Marielle Kaplan Doron Aronson Walid Saliba Zaher S. Azzam 《The American journal of emergency medicine》2014