转化生长因子-β受体Ⅱ在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变增生膜中的表达

目的:观察及评估转化生长因子-β受体Ⅱ(TGF-βRⅡ)在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)增生膜中的表达及临床意义。 方法:采用免疫组化和原位杂交方法,对13例PVR患者行玻璃体手术增生膜获得的16例进行TGF-βRⅡ的蛋白和mRNA的检测。 结果:免疫组化结果为:9例C2～C3级膜中,染色反应为阳性的有8例,总阳性率为88.9％。7例D1～D3级膜中有6例为阳性,总阳性率为85.7％。阳性细胞多是一类胞体为长圆形,胞核呈圆形或卵圆形的上皮样细胞。统计学分析TGF-βRⅡ标记与膜分级间无相关性(P>0.05)。原位杂交结果与免疫组化基本一致。 结论:PVR发生过程中视网膜色素上皮细胞在生长因子等的刺激下,TGF-βRⅡ表达显著上调,表明了TGF-β参与PVR增生膜的形成。眼科学报 2003;19:244-247。     

成年大鼠视网膜中脑红蛋白表达的亚细胞分布

目的:电镜下观察正常成年大鼠视网膜中脑红蛋白(Ngb)的表达。方法:用电镜免疫金-银细胞化学法研究Ngb在成年大鼠视网膜中的亚细胞定位。结果:Ngb在视网膜除外核层和视锥视杆层的外节段以外的其它各层均有分布。在细胞层Ngb定位于细胞的胞质内,线粒体周围多见,内质网和高尔基复合体的管腔外侧也可见Ngb阳性着色;在丛状层Ngb分布于突触前成分的突触小泡之间。结论:Ngb的特殊亚细胞分布提示其与神经元供氧的紧密关系。     

TOSCA治疗复杂屈光不正患者术中切削厚度的临床分析

目的:分析角膜地形图引导的准分子激光角膜切削术(TOSCA)治疗复杂屈光不正患者术中切削厚度。方法:选取在我院接受TOSCA治疗的复杂屈光不正患者23例42眼,等效球镜为-2.50～-13.50(平均-7.51±2.23)D。将其在实际工作中按TOSCA模式中计算出的切削厚度与按照其相同的切削直径的LASIK/LASEK模式计算的切削厚度进行对比。结果:术前平均裸眼视力0.11±0.19,最佳矫正视力0.98±0.16,术后6mo裸眼视力1.03±0.30,与术前裸眼视力比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),达到并保持在术前最佳矫正视力。术前平均等效球镜-7.51±2.23D,术后6mo的平均等效球镜-0.42±0.67D,控制在±0.50D以内,达到矫正近视的目的。按照TOSCA模式计算术中实际切削厚度为92.43±21.28μm,剩余厚度为409.17±25.47μm,而按照相同的切削直径和屈光度的传统的LASIK/LASEK模式中计算的切削厚度和剩余厚度分别为123.26±28.73,378.69±32.65μm,两种模式的切削厚度相差约30.83±21.86μm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在治疗复杂屈光不正患者时,TOSCA手术模式的术中预测角膜切削厚度明显小于LASIK/LASEK手术模式,理论上提高了手术的安全性。     

剥脱性开角型青光眼与原发性开角型青光眼眼前节结构参数的比较

目的：比较剥脱性开角型青光眼（PXOAG）与原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）眼前节结构参数的差异。方法：病例对照研究。选取2012 年12 月至2016 年12 月住院治疗的连续PXOAG病例54 例（54 眼）作为PXOAG组,平均眼压为（28.8±7.9）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）。选取性别、年龄及眼压相匹配的POAG病例53 例（53 眼）作为POAG组,平均眼压为（26.3±7.4）mmHg。测定2 组患者角膜厚度、角膜内皮细胞密度、六角型细胞比例、前房深度及晶状体厚度等眼前节参数,并采用独立样本t 检验进行数据分析。结果：POAG组角膜厚度、角膜内皮细胞密度、六角型细胞比例、前房深度及晶状体厚度分别为（535±36）μm、 （2 538±356）/mm2、 （52±12）%、 （2.89±0.36）mm和（4.96±0.41）mm;PXOAG组相应参数分别为（523±41）μm、 （2 323±451）/mm2、 （52±14）%、 （2.79±0.60）mm和（4.98±0.42）mm。2 组患者角膜厚度、六角型细胞比例、前房深度及晶状体厚度比较差异无统计学意义（t =1.57、0.18、1.11、0.26,P ＞0.05）,而角膜内皮细胞密度比较差异有统计学意义（t =2.78,P =0.01）。结论：PXOAG与POAG相比,角膜内皮细胞密度较低,提示在临床治疗过程中应更加注意对角膜内皮的保护。     

白内障隧道式小切口摘出并人工晶状体植入44例

目的:评价隧道式小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法:对44例53眼白内障行隧道式小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术,术后1,2wk,1,3mo随访视力、角膜曲率及角膜散光。选角膜缘大切口白内障摘出40例51眼做对照。结果:小切口组术后1wk视力≥0.5者40眼占75%,≥0.8者27眼占53%,与对照组相比,P <0.01。小切口组角膜曲率变化小,稳定快,术后各期角膜散光明显小于大切口组。结论:隧道式小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术术后反应轻,并发症少,散光小,视力恢复快而稳定,值得推广应用。     

连续环形撕囊术抑制后囊膜混浊的实验研究

目的：搪塞连续环形撕囊术（ＣＣＣ）对白内障囊外摘除术后晶体后囊膜混浊的影响。方法：将２４只白色家兔随机平均分为三个时间组,每只家兔又按双眼术中前切开法的不同随机分为ＣＣＣ组和开罐式截囊组,术后不同时期观察后囊膜病理变化。结果：术后一月,Ａ组后囊膜纤维增殖明显减少,赤道 后囊膜间无显著粘连,早期即在可在后囊膜面查见纤维弱细胞增生。结论：ＣＣＣ可抑制白内障术后晶体后囊膜混浊的发生。     

儿童特发性间质性肺疾病与肺表面活性物质-B基因多态性的相关性研究

目的 探讨肺表面活性物质(surfactant protein,SP)-B外显子4(T131I)位点的基因多态性与儿童特发性间质性肺疾病的相关性.方法 收集2013年10月至2016年9月在深圳市儿童医院和广西医科大学附属第一医院住院诊断为特发性间质性肺疾病的患儿共67例为病例组,选择同期与特发性间质性肺疾病无关的因呼吸道感染在深圳市儿童医院住院的102例患儿为对照组,采用SP-B全外显子和侧翼区高通量测序法对所有病例采集的标本进行检测,分析外显子4(T131I)位点的基因型和等位基因分布.结果 病例组和对照组SP-B基因外显子 4(T131I)位点的基因型均可检出3 种,CC、CT及TT型,病例组所占比例分别为67.16%、25.37%、7.46%,对照组分别为56.86%、35.29%、7.84%,两组基因型分布的差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.981,P=0.371);病例组C等位基因频率为79.85%,对照组为74.51%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.288,P=0.256).对照组SP-B基因外显子 4(T131I)位点的基因突变频率为43.14%(44/102),与人类基因组千人人群数据库基因突变频率平均值52.00%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与欧洲千人人群数据库基因突变频率53.88%、南亚千人人群数据库基因突变频率45.50%和美洲整体人群数据库基因突变频率41.93%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而与东亚千人人群数据库基因突变频率26.39%和非洲千人人群数据库基因突变频率80.18%比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 SP-B 基因外显子4(T131I)位点的基因多态性与儿童特发性间质性肺疾病易感性不存在相关性,外显子4(T131I)位点的基因突变频率与种族人群和地域具有一定的差异性.     

Comparison of the effects of perineural or intravenous dexamethasone on thoracic paravertebral block in Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy: A double‐blind randomized trial

Efforts to prolong thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) analgesia include local anesthetic adjuvants, such as dexamethasone (Dex). Previous studies showed that both perineural (PN) and intravenous (i.v.) routes could prolong analgesia. As PN Dex is an off‐label use, anesthesiologists should be fully informed of the clinical differences, if any, on block duration. This study was designed to evaluate the two administration routes of Dex for duration of analgesia in TPVB. Ninety‐five patients scheduled for Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy were randomized to receive TPVB (0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml), PN or i.v. Dex 8 mg. The primary end point was the duration of analgesia. The secondary end points included pain scores, analgesic consumption, adverse effects rate, and incidence of chronic pain at 3 months postoperatively. The PN‐Dex group showed better analgesic effects than the i.v.‐Dex group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the visual analogue scale scores in patients at 2, 4, 8, and 12 h postoperatively were lower in the PN‐Dex group than the i.v.‐Dex group (p < 0.05). The analgesic consumption in both the PN‐Dex and i.v.‐Dex groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Regarding the incidence of chronic pain, regardless of route, Dex decreased the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain and neuropathic pain at 3 months after surgery (p < 0.05), but there were no clinical differences between the i.v.‐Dex and PN‐Dex groups. Perineural dexamethasone improved the magnitude and duration of analgesia compared to that of the i.v.‐Dex group in TPVB in Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy. However, there were no clinically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of chronic pain.

Study Highlights WHAT IS THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE TOPIC? Both perineural (PN) and intravenous (i.v.) dexamethasone (Dex) could prolong the duration of a nerve block, but the superiority of either route is still inconclusive. WHAT QUESTION DID THIS STUDY ADDRESS? The study investigated the effects of the two routes of Dex added to ropivacaine on analgesic effects of thoracic paravertebral block in patients undergoing Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD TO OUR KNOWLEDGE? These results extend the knowledge of the superior analgesic effect of Dex for the management of perioperative pain in the setting of Ivor‐Lewis Esophagectomy. HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OR TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE? Because PN Dex is an off‐label use, our study conformed the safety of Dex as PN adjuvants and extended its application field in clinical work.