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101.
Accurate estimates of energy and nutrient intake of individuals and populations are contingent on the reliability of information obtained about food intake, food composition, and portion size. This article reviews issues related to the definition, determination, and use of portion sizes in dietary assessment and public education. 相似文献
102.
In vivo MRI of cancer cell fate at the single-cell level in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis to the brain. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Chris Heyn John A Ronald Soha S Ramadan Jonatan A Snir Andrea M Barry Lisa T MacKenzie David J Mikulis Diane Palmieri Julie L Bronder Patricia S Steeg Toshiyuki Yoneda Ian C MacDonald Ann F Chambers Brian K Rutt Paula J Foster 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》2006,56(5):1001-1010
Metastasis (the spread of cancer from a primary tumor to secondary organs) is responsible for most cancer deaths. The ability to follow the fate of a population of tumor cells over time in an experimental animal would provide a powerful new way to monitor the metastatic process. Here we describe a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that permits the tracking of breast cancer cells in a mouse model of brain metastasis at the single-cell level. Cancer cells that were injected into the left ventricle of the mouse heart and then delivered to the brain were detectable on MR images. This allowed the visualization of the initial delivery and distribution of cells, as well as the growth of tumors from a subset of these cells within the whole intact brain volume. The ability to follow the metastatic process from the single-cell stage through metastatic growth, and to quantify and monitor the presence of solitary undivided cells will facilitate progress in understanding the mechanisms of brain metastasis and tumor dormancy, and the development of therapeutics to treat this disease. 相似文献
103.
Carcinoma of the urethra (male and female) is an unusual disease with insufficient clinical experience to be dogmatic about therapeutic recommendations. The onset is usually insidious, with a long interval from the first symptoms to diagnosis, yet lack of local and regional control remains the principal obstacle to cure. Treatment choices and results depend to a great degree on the extent, location, and stage of the lesion. Our conclusion is that good surgery and carefully planned irradiation are equally effective in the management of these tumors. 相似文献
104.
The Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure (MEAP; Moos and Lemke, 1984) was used to assess three long-stay settings within a geriatric hospital, one of which is a non-nursing unit committed to the philosophy of residents viewing the setting as their own home. Findings suggest positive outcomes for residents on the nonnursing unit, and support the view that types of care fostering independence and personal responsibility of elderly residents in their setting may be associated with increased mental functioning and activity. The lack of trained nursing staff had no detrimental effect on any measure of resident life, and some specific caring practices on the unit may be interpreted as having a positive outcome for residents. 相似文献
105.
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening in an Industrial Setting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Benjamin Krevsky M.D. M.P.H. F.A.C.G. Tomasz Niewiarowski M.D. Rita League R.N. Harold Herman M.D. Lisa Matz Robert S. Fisher M.D. F.A.C.G. 《The American journal of gastroenterology》1992,87(12):1759-1762
Little is known about the yield of colorectal cancer screening programs in an industrial setting. We therefore established a flexible sigmoidoscopy screening program at a chemical manufacturing plant and offered testing to all employees over the age of 40. After a Fleet enema preparation had been administered, a digital rectal examination and sigmoidoscopy were performed on each volunteer worker in the medical office of the plant. The plant had an average census of about 650 workers; 202 were screened during a 2-yr period. The mean (+/- SEM) age of participants was 52 +/- 0.4. Sixty-four employees had polyps (31.7%); data on follow-up colonoscopy were available in 69%. Colonoscopy revealed adenomatous polyps in 23 workers (53.5%), hyperplastic polyps in 10 (23%), and no evidence of neoplasia in 10 (23%). Seven workers did not arrange for follow-up colonoscopy and 12 individuals could not be contacted. No cancers were detected. In the 40- to 50-yr age group, polyps were detected in 19.5% of employees (25% adenomatous). Incidental findings were common, and included prostatic nodules, hemorrhoids, diverticulosis, and proctitis, among others. We conclude that screening sigmoidoscopy can be conveniently and economically performed at the workplace, with a high yield and good worker acceptance. The high yield suggests a possible association between polyp formation and work in a chemical plant. The finding of adenomatous polyps in the younger patients suggests that the threshold for flexible sigmoidoscopy at age 50 needs to be reassessed. 相似文献
106.
Cytomegalovirus Disease in High-Risk Transplant Recipients Despite Ganciclovir or Valganciclovir Prophylaxis 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Enver Akalin Vinita Sehgal Scott Ames Sabera Hossain Lisa Daly Murphy Barbara Jonathan S. Bromberg 《American journal of transplantation》2003,3(6):731-735
The clinical patterns and predictors of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in kidney and/or pancreas transplant patients on ganciclovir (1.0 g po t.i.d.) or valganciclovir (450 mg po q.d.) prophylaxis were studied. This is a retrospective analysis of 129 transplant recipients. Median follow up was 12 months (range, 6-18 months). The overall incidence of CMV disease at 1-year post-transplant was 14% (4% tissue-invasive, 10% noninvasive). Seventeen of 18 patients were diagnosed with CMV after completion of 3 months' prophylaxis (median 8 weeks, range, 2-28 weeks). Induction treatment with thymoglobulin, and Donor +/Recipient - CMV status were the strongest predictors for the development of CMV disease. Cytomegalovirus incidence was not different between patients treated with ganciclovir or valganciclovir (15 vs. 17%, respectively). Valganciclovir (450 mg q.d.) is as effective as oral ganciclovir in CMV prophylaxis. High-risk individuals might require higher doses or longer duration of valganciclovir treatment. 相似文献
107.
Lisa Hobbs Dorothy Doughty 《Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing》2004,31(2):95-7; discussion 97-8
108.
Alex W Wilson Stephen J Medhurst Claire I Dixon Nick C Bontoft Lisa A Winyard Kim T Brackenborough Jorge De Alba Christopher J Clarke Martin J Gunthorpe Gareth A Hicks Chas Bountra Daniel S McQueen Iain P Chessell 《European Journal of Pain》2006,10(6):537-549
Clinically, inflammatory pain is far more persistent than that typically modelled pre-clinically, with the majority of animal models focussing on short-term effects of the inflammatory pain response. The large attrition rate of compounds in the clinic which show pre-clinical efficacy suggests the need for novel models of, or approaches to, chronic inflammatory pain if novel mechanisms are to make it to the market. A model in which a more chronic inflammatory hypersensitivity phenotype is profiled may allow for a more clinically predictive tool. The aims of these studies were to characterise and validate a chronic model of inflammatory pain. We have shown that injection of a large volume of adjuvant to the intra-articular space of the rat knee results in a prolonged inflammatory pain response, compared to the response in an acute adjuvant model. Additionally, this model also results in a hypersensitive state in the presence and absence of inflammation. A range of clinically effective analgesics demonstrate activity in this chronic model, including morphine (3mg/kg, t.i.d.), dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.i.d.), ibuprofen (30mg/kg, t.i.d.), etoricoxib (5mg/kg, b.i.d.) and rofecoxib (0.3-10mg/kg, b.i.d.). A further aim was to exemplify the utility of this chronic model over the more acute intra-plantar adjuvant model using two novel therapeutic approaches; NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonism and iNOS inhibition. Our data shows that different effects were observed with these therapies when comparing the acute model with the model of chronic inflammatory joint pain. These data suggest that the chronic model may be more relevant to identifying mechanisms for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain states in the clinic. 相似文献
109.
The graduate nurse year requires individuals to make a huge transition from university student to registered nurse as part of the health care workforce. New graduates experience steep learning curves throughout the first year of professional practice. This study sought to explore experiences and learning occurring throughout the graduate nurse program for a group of seven new nurse graduates. Focus group interviews were conducted at six months and 12 months into the program using the same set of guiding questions. The first interview highlighted that graduates early in the graduate year were internalised, concentrating on their own survival in managing workloads, facing practice realities and coming to terms with themselves as nurses. Learning was primarily about survival strategies and performing tasks. By the second interview, graduates were much less focussed on themselves. They understood their place in the health care team, had gained confidence in their relationships, and were showing concern for the next graduates arriving. Learning at this stage involved more higher order skills, including critical thinking. 相似文献
110.
Cumhur Kiliner Serkan Inceoglu Moon Jun Sohn Lisa A. Ferrara Edward C. Benzel 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2007,14(12):1186-1191
We aimed to demonstrate the effect of angle and laminectomy on paired pedicle screws to determine whether a 90 degrees screw angle is optimal as has been previously suggested. According to the angle between right and left screws, 28 calf vertebrae were divided into three groups and instrumented as follows: Group I: 60 degrees screw angle; Group II: 90 degrees angle; Group III: 60 degrees angle with laminectomy. The screws were connected using rods and cross-fixators and tested to peak pullout force. Triangulated pedicle screws provided 76.5% more pullout strength than single screws. Most of the specimens failed through loss of convergence angle (toggling of screws on the rods) and subsequent uni- or bilateral screw pullout. Mean+/-SD peak loads were: Group I: 2071+/-622 N; Group II: 1753+/-497 N; Group III: 2186+/-587 N. The differences were not significant (p>0.05). 90 degrees triangulation was not associated with a superior pullout performance versus conventional 60 degrees triangulation, suggesting that achieving additional triangulation angle is not necessary to obtain increased pullout strength. Laminectomy did not alter the effect of triangulation on fixation strength. 相似文献