胃肠造瘘术在全梗阻型食管癌放疗中的应用

目的　评价胃肠造瘘术在全梗阻型食管癌放疗中的临床应用价值。方法　 98例全梗阻食管癌放疗病人 ,5 3例于疗前及疗中行胃肠造瘘术 ,其中照射剂量DT>5 0Gy为 2 7例 ,余 2 6例放疗剂量DT<5 0Gy ;45例于疗中仅予输液支持以维持放疗。结果　行胃肠造瘘术组kanofsky评分较对照组明显提高 ,体重亦维持或增加明显 ,两者比较P <0 0 0 5 ;胃肠造瘘术组与对照组其 1年及 3年生存率分别为 :33 9%、2 8 8%和 15 0 %、4 4% ,两组间生存率差异有显著性意义 ( χ2 =7 2 5 ,P =0 0 0 71) ;胃肠造瘘术组中放疗DT>5 0Gy与DT<5 0Gy病人其 1年及 3年生存率分别为 :48 1%、19 2 %及 2 2 2 %、7 7% ,两组间生存率统计学有显著差异 ( χ2 =4 2 0 ,P =0 0 40 4)。结论　全梗阻型食管癌疗前或疗中行胃肠造瘘术 ,可在改善病人体质状况、维持或增加体重基础上 ,明显提高患者 1年及3年的生存率 ,且放疗剂量DT 应 >5 0Gy。     

高温对人舌癌细胞粘附性影响的实验研究

[目的]观察高温外理前、后的人舌癌细胞(Tca鄄8113)对层粘连蛋白(Ln)和纤维粘连蛋白(Fn)的粘附能力的影响,探寻高温治癌的机理。[方法]采用结晶紫染色法分别测定在37℃条件下培养24小时和在43℃条件下加热40分钟后继续培养24小时的Tca鄄8113细胞对Ln和Fn的粘附能力。[结果]加温后的人舌癌细胞粘附在包被了Fn和Ln孔板上的数量、密度明显减小;通过酶标仪测定光密度OD值,发现加温组的OD值均低于未加温组的OD值,两组相比,具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。[结论]高温能够降低人舌癌细胞对Fn、Ln的粘附能力,从而降低肿瘤细胞对基底膜的浸润、转移力,达到治疗肿瘤的目的。     

3种基因工程药物对大鼠动脉阻塞性脑损伤治疗作用的比较研究

目的 :探讨基因工程药物NIF、NHH、TNHH对大鼠动脉阻塞性脑损伤的治疗作用。方法 :用线栓法将24只大鼠制成动脉阻塞性脑缺血损伤模型后分为治疗组 (3组 )和模型对照组 ,每组6只。治疗组静脉给予NIF、NHH、TNHH ,模型组给予生理盐水。分别于术后4、8、24、48、72h进行神经行为学评分 ;术后72h取血测定血清APTT ,判断凝血功能 ;取脑组织行TTC染色 ,计算梗塞灶体积 ;HE染色观察脑组织病理变化。结果 :治疗组各时间点行为学评分均优于模型组 (P<0 05) ,血清APTT比模型组均有明显延长 (P<0 05) ,脑组织梗塞灶体积比模型组小 (P<0 05) ,HE染色脑组织病理变化均较模型组轻。结论 :NIF、NHH、TNHH对大鼠动脉阻塞性脑缺血损伤有明显的保护作用 ,其中以TNHH最优。     

静脉注射硝酸甘油诱导大鼠脑膜核因子-κB表达增强

目的观察偏头痛大鼠模型不同时相脑膜核因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达特征.方法采用静脉注射硝酸甘油(GTN)法建立大鼠偏头痛模型,应用免疫组织化学法观察对照组、GTN iv 后0.5,1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 h组脑膜NF-κB阳性染色细胞的分布,采用Western印迹法观察相应时间点脑膜核NF-κB的蛋白表达量.结果 GTN iv后0.5 h即出现大鼠脑膜NF-κB核阳性反应和核NF-κB蛋白表达量增高,1.5 h核NF-κB蛋白表达量达高峰,然后逐渐回落,至4 h接近正常水平.结论 GTN iv后早期脑膜呈时限性核NF-κB蛋白表达增强,提示NF-κB蛋白表达增强可能与偏头痛有关.     

The role of Ki67 proliferation assessment in predicting local control in bladder cancer patients treated by radical radiation therapy.

PURPOSE: To assess whether tumour proliferation as measured by Ki67 immunostaining has any predictive value for local control in bladder cancer patients treated by radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-five patients suffering from infiltrating bladder carcinoma recommended for radical radiotherapy (66 Gy/6-7 weeks) were included in this study. Paraffin-embedded pre-treatment tumour sections were stained with the Ki67 antibody. The percentage of Ki67-positive nuclei was correlated with established prognostic factors, local control and survival. RESULTS: The Ki67 index was not related to local control in our patients when the median was selected as the cut-off value. Patients with tumours with a very low (<27%) Ki67 index had better local control at 5 years (69%) than patients with tumours with greater (>27%) Ki67 expression indices (31.5%) (P<0.05; log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: Ki67 immunostaining was a feasible method to estimate tumour proliferation. Patients with very low proliferating tumours seemed to achieve better local control after fractionated radiotherapy compared to other patients. Further studies are needed with a greater number of patients to accurately define the role of Ki67 expression in predicting tumour repopulation during fractionated radiotherapy.     

茴香精油及其成分影响因素的研究进展

精油的量及其成分比例是评价茴香质量的最重要因素。影响茴香精油量及其成分的因素主要有:1)遗传因素:茴香不同亚种与变种精油量及其成分不同;2)生理因素:茴香不同器官及其不同发育阶段精油的量和成分组成不同;3)生态因素:不同产地、不同水肥等栽培条件导致精油的量及其成分组成不同;4)贮藏因素:贮藏时间和条件影响茴香精油量及其成分;5)提取工艺:不同的提取方法乃至同一提取方法的不同参数组合,影响茴香精油量及其成分组成。     

Guanosine and GMP prevent seizures induced by quinolinic acid in mice

In the mammalian CNS, glutamate and GABA are the principal neurotransmitters mediating excitatory and inhibitory synaptic events, respectively, and have been implicated in the neurobiology of seizures. Guanine-based purines, including the nucleoside guanosine and the nucleotide GMP, have been shown to antagonize glutamatergic activity at the receptor level and the other purine nucleoside adenosine is a well-known modulator of seizure threshold. In the present study we investigated the anticonvulsant effect of i. p. guanosine and GMP against seizures induced by the glutamate agonist quinolinic acid (QA) or the GABA(A) antagonist picrotoxin in mice. Animals were pretreated with an i.p. injection of saline, guanosine or GMP 30 min before either an i.c.v. injection of 4 microliter QA (36.8 nmol) or a subcutaneous injection of picrotoxin (3.2 mg/kg). All animals pretreated with vehicle followed by QA or picrotoxin presented seizures, which were completely prevented by the NMDA antagonist MK-801 and the GABA agonist phenobarbital, respectively. Guanosine and GMP dose-dependently protected against QA-induced seizures, up to 70 and 80% at 7.5 mg/kg, with ED(50)=2. 6+/-0.4 and 1.7+/-0.6 mg/kg, respectively. Conversely, neither guanosine, GMP nor MK-801 affected picrotoxin-induced seizures, indicating some degree of specificity towards the glutamatergic system. This study suggests anticonvulsant properties of i.p. guanosine and GMP, which may be related with antagonism of glutamate receptors.     

芦荟对大鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化损伤体外模型的影响

目的: 探讨芦荟的抗氧化作用及其剂量效应关系。方法: 通过大鼠微粒体的提取,制备了VC/Fe2+和过氧基异丙苯(CHP)脂质过氧化损伤模型,检测不同剂量芦荟轧汁干预对丙二醛(MDA)含量变化的影响,观察芦荟清除活性氧的抗氧化作用。结果: 在CHP微粒体脂质过氧化激发模型中,各芦荟干预组的MDA含量均较对照组显著降低(P﹤0.01),在VC/Fe2+模型中,低剂量芦荟轧汁干预组与高剂量干预组MDA含量较阳性对照组显著下降(P﹤0.05),并且高剂量组降低更加明显(P﹤0.01)。但中剂量芦荟轧汁组MDA含量反而较阳性对照组有一定的升高。结论: 芦荟轧汁在抗氧化方面存在着双向效应,在一定剂量范围内有着较好的抗氧化作用,可能是芦荟的医疗保健功效的机制之一;但特定的剂量又可激发活性氧的生成。     

应用皮肤试验抑制指数评价阿伐斯汀的起效时间

目的皮肤试验抑制指数(Skin Test Inhibition Index,STII)是评价抗组胺药疗效的一个药效学指标,本试验以阿伐斯汀为例应用STII方法评价抗组胺药阿伐斯汀的起效时间。方法选择27例花粉症病人,分为阿伐斯汀组(24例)和安慰剂组(3例),并分别于服药前及服药30、90min后观察受试者的过敏原皮试反应,计算STII值,并将STII达到10的时间定为起效时间。结果安慰剂组前后过敏原皮试风团无显著差异,而阿伐斯汀组30、90min后,STII值分别为22.2、237.7。故可初步认为阿伐斯汀的起效时间小于30min。结论 STII可做为评价抗组胺药起效时间的客观指标之一。