全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1291篇 |
免费 | 66篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 120篇 |
妇产科学 | 22篇 |
基础医学 | 135篇 |
口腔科学 | 19篇 |
临床医学 | 81篇 |
内科学 | 203篇 |
皮肤病学 | 36篇 |
神经病学 | 56篇 |
特种医学 | 126篇 |
外科学 | 168篇 |
综合类 | 31篇 |
预防医学 | 63篇 |
眼科学 | 27篇 |
药学 | 115篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 166篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 31篇 |
2015年 | 32篇 |
2014年 | 50篇 |
2013年 | 56篇 |
2012年 | 100篇 |
2011年 | 120篇 |
2010年 | 66篇 |
2009年 | 52篇 |
2008年 | 66篇 |
2007年 | 71篇 |
2006年 | 52篇 |
2005年 | 49篇 |
2004年 | 57篇 |
2003年 | 32篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 10篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
1968年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有1373条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Unfavourable outcomes are part and parcel of performing surgeries of any kind. Unfavourable outcomes are results of such work, which the patient and or the clinician does not like. This is an attempt to review various causes for unfavorable outcomes in orthognathic surgery and discuss them in detail. All causes for unfavorable outcomes may be classified as belonging to one of the following periods A) Pre- Treatment B) During treatment Pre-Treatment: In orthognathic surgery- as in any other discipline of surgery- which involves changes in both aesthetics and function, the patient motivation for seeking treatment is a very important input which may decide, whether the outcome is going to be favorable or not. Also, inputs in diagnosis and plan for treatment and its sequencing, involving the team of the surgeon and the orthodontist, will play a very important role in determining whether the outcome will be favorable. In other words, an unfavorable outcome may be predetermined even before the actual treatment process starts. During Treatment: Good treatment planning itself does not guarantee favorable results. The execution of the correct plan could go wrong at various stages which include, Pre-Surgical orthodontics, Intra and Post-Operative periods. A large number of these unfavorable outcomes are preventable, if attention is paid to detail while carrying out the treatment plan itself. Unfavorable outcomes in orthognathic surgery may be minimized If pitfalls are avoided both, at the time of treatment planning and execution.KEY WORDS: Orthognathic surgery, outcome, unfavourable 相似文献
42.
Elizabeth FitzSullivan MD Sara A. Lari BS Benjamin Smith MD Abigail S. Caudle MD Savitri Krishnamurthy MD Anthony Lucci MD Elizabeth A. Mittendorf MD PhD Gildy V. Babiera MD Dalliah M. Black MD Jamie L. Wagner DO Isabelle Bedrosian MD Wendy Woodward MD Sarah M. Gainer MD Rosa Hwang MD Funda Meric-Bernstam MD Kelly K. Hunt MD Henry M. Kuerer MD PhD 《Annals of surgical oncology》2013,20(13):4103-4112
Background
The impact of close margins in patients with ductal carcinoma-in situ (DCIS) treated with mastectomy is unclear; however, this finding may lead to a recommendation for postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). We sought to determine the incidence and consequences of close margins in patients with DCIS treated with mastectomy.Methods
The records of 810 patients with DCIS treated with mastectomy from 1996 through 2009 were reviewed. Clinical and pathologic factors were analyzed with respect to final margin status. Median follow-up was 6.3 years.Results
Overall, 94 patients (11.7 %) had close margins (positive, n = 5; negative but ≤1 mm, n = 54; 1.1–2.9 mm, n = 35). Independent risk factors for close margins included multicentricity, pathologic lesion size ≥1.5 cm, and necrosis, but not age, use of skin-sparing mastectomy, or immediate reconstruction (p > 0.05). Seven patients received PMRT, and none had a locoregional recurrence (LRR). Among the remaining 803 patients, the 10-year LRR rate was 1 % (5.0 % for margins ≤1 mm, 3.6 % for margins 1.1–2.9 mm, and 0.7 % for margins ≥3 mm [p < 0.001]). The 10-year rate of contralateral breast cancer was 6.4 %. On multivariate analysis, close margins was the only independent predictor of LRR (p = 0.005).Conclusions
Close margins occur in a minority of patients undergoing mastectomy for DCIS and is the only independent risk factor for LRR. As the LRR rate in patients with close margins is low and less than the rate of contralateral breast cancer, PMRT is not warranted except for patients with multiple close/positive margins that cannot be surgically excised. 相似文献43.
Tamara C. Daley Nidhi Singhal Vibha Krishnamurthy 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2013,43(9):2002-2014
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is being identified in an ever-increasing number of countries, including many that are low or middle income (LMIC). Research conducted in these countries requires awareness of unique ethical issues. Drawing on the experience of two organizations that have been involved in conducting and collaborating in ASD research in India, we describe specific considerations in conducting epidemiological, genetic and treatment studies as well as general principles from the field of multinational clinical research as they apply to the conduct of ASD research. We argue that greater attention to ethical concerns will result in quality studies conducted in LMICs that are also of greatest relevance for families and children with ASD. 相似文献
44.
45.
The effects of yoga and ayurveda on geriatric depression were evaluated in 69 persons older than 60 who were living in a residential home. Participants were stratified by age and gender and randomly allocated to three groups: Yoga, Ayurveda, or Wait-list Control. The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms prior to the intervention, and after 3 months and 6 months post-intervention. Participation in one of the three groups lasted 24 weeks. The yoga program (7 hours 30 minutes per week) included physical postures, relaxation techniques, regulated breathing, devotional songs, and lectures. The Ayurveda Group received an herbal preparation twice daily for the whole period. The depression symptom scores of the Yoga Group at both 3 and 6 months decreased significantly, from a group average baseline of 10.6 to 8.1 and 6.7, respectively (p < .001, paired t-test). The other groups showed no change. Hence, an integrated approach of yoga including the mental and philosophical aspects in addition to the physical practices was useful for institutionalized older persons. 相似文献
46.
Sandhya Narasimhan Mayur Joshi Sowmya Parameswaran Pukhraj Rishi Vikas Khetan Suganeswari Ganesan Jyotirmay Biswas Natarajan Sundaram Janani Sreenivasan Sonali Verma Vanitha Krishnamurthy Krishnakumar Subramanian 《Indian journal of ophthalmology》2020,68(10):2160
Purpose:Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is the most common intraocular lymphoma (IOL). This can be either primary or secondary to the central nervous system lymphoma. The diagnosis of primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) currently relies on clinical diagnosis and cytological analysis of the vitreous or subretinal biopsy. Although most cases are diagnosed without much issue, the limited amount of vitreous fluid, subjectivity in cytological reporting, and special expertise in ocular pathology make the diagnosis challenging. MYD88 L265P mutation has been implicated to have diagnostic utility in PIOL. In this study, we screened consecutive vitreous biopsies for the presence of MYD88 L265P mutation to understand its diagnostic utility compared to conventional cytological analysis.Methods:Cytological analysis and MYD88 L265P mutation by PCR-based sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were carried out on consecutive vitreous and subretinal biopsies collected from 21 patients. The diagnostic utility of the cytology and MYD88 L265P mutation analysis were compared.Results:Out of the 21 patients, 15 had clinical suspicion of having PIOL. Out of these suspected cases of PIOL, nine were confirmed on follow-up, while six were diagnosed as other intraocular pathologies. Diagnostic utility of MYD88 L265P mutation analysis revealed a sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 91.6%, positive and negative predictive value of 88.9% and 91.7%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of 90.5% was achieved with the mutation analysis that shows the superiority of MYD88 in both ruling in and ruling out PIOL. The diagnostic utility of MYD88 L265P mutation was superior to conventional cytological analysis.Conclusion:The analysis of MYD88 L265P mutation is reliable and efficient in the diagnosis of PIOL. 相似文献
47.
48.
Importance of catalase in the disposal of hydrogen peroxide within human erythrocytes 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
The catalase within normal, intact human erythrocytes was completely inactivated with amino triazole. The rate of 14CO2 evolution, when the cells were subsequently incubated with 14C-labeled glucose, provided a measure of the rate at which NADPH was being oxidized by the glutathione peroxidase/reductase system for the disposal of H2O2. This rate was determined in control cells and in catalase-inactivated cells while the cells were exposed to H2O2, which was generated at various constant and predetermined rates by glucose oxidase. The results indicated that catalase handles approximately half of the generated H2O2. The glutathione peroxidase/reductase mechanism accounted for the other half. These results are in agreement with our earlier findings on erythrocytes of a subject with a genetic deficiency of catalase. However, an unexpected result with the present approach was the finding that the increased dependence on the glutathione peroxidase/reductase mechanism did not occur until greater than 98% of the catalase had been inactivated. The latter observation indicates that catalase and the glutathione peroxidase/reductase system function intracellularly in a manner very different from that previously ascribed to them. An explanation of the findings requires that the two methods of H2O2 disposal function in a coordinated way, such as a sequential action in which the glutathione peroxidase/reductase system is the rate-limiting step. 相似文献
49.
50.
S Krishnamurthy R Verghese C K Job 《International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association》1975,43(4):333-338
The response to lepromin and Kveim antigens was compared and studied in 15 leprosy patients who were tuberculin negative. Of the 11 lepromin positive tuberculoid patients, 4 were Kveim positive, 1 was equivocal, and the rest were negative. Of the four lepromin negative lepromatous patients, one gave a positive Kveim test while the other three were negative. It has been shown that false-positive Kveim reactions are found in a higher percentage of South Indian leprosy patients than in those of other backgrounds, such as Japanese and Malaysian Chinese patients. It is also suggested that no definite relationship exists between the reaction of leprosy patients to lepromin and Kveim antigens. We further suggest that the anergy exhibited by lepromatous patients to the antigen of M. leprae is specific, as evidenced by the positive Kveim response in one lepromatous patient. 相似文献