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21.
Mohammed Al-Hamdani Kayla M Joyce Megan Cowie Steven Smith Sherry H Stewart 《Substance use & misuse》2019,54(6):894-898
Background: Although alcohol is the most socially accepted drug, little is known about the classification of alcohol consumers into clusters influencing drinking outcomes. Past research has demonstrated that injury/illness sensitivity predicts health protecting behaviors. Objectives: The present study explored whether alcohol consumers can be classified based on injury/illness sensitivity and intentions to reduce drinking, and whether the identified clusters exhibited meaningful differences in negative affect and drinking levels. Methods: Four-hundred and eighty-six participants (54.3% male; mean [SD] age?=?26.5 [7.2] years) completed online questionnaires between July and October of 2017. Questions were asked pertaining to injury/illness sensitivity, intentions to reduce drinking, negative affect, and heavy drinking behavior. A k-means cluster analysis was performed on illness/injury sensitivity and intentions to reduce drinking scores. We then examined whether clusters varied according to negative affect or drinking variables. Results: The k-means cluster analysis identified four clusters: Insensitive non-internalizers, Insensitive internalizers, Sensitive non-internalizers, and Sensitive internalizers. Sensitive internalizers reported the highest, whereas Insensitive non-internalizers reported the lowest, negative affect. Sensitive internalizers also had the lowest percentage of heavy drinkers. Conclusion/importance: Current findings add to the alcohol literature by indicating that high sensitivity to illnesses/injuries and the internalization of sensitivities via behavior change intentions may provide the best protection against high alcohol consumption levels. 相似文献
22.
Eric Wombwell Megan E. Chittum Kayla R. Leeser 《The American journal of medicine》2018,131(3):244-249
The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection continues to increase globally. Particularly concerning are hospital-acquired cases that attribute significant morbidity, mortality, and expenditures to the health care system. Proton pump inhibitors, which are widely prescribed and generally considered to have minimal adverse effects, have recently come under scrutiny for positive associations with C. difficile infection development. This article will specifically review the current state of evidence demonstrating a positive association between nosocomial proton pump inhibitor administration and the incidence of hospital-acquired C. difficile infection. In addition, the article delivers state-of-the-art knowledge relative to mechanisms by which proton pump inhibitor exposure may propagate the manifestation of C. difficile infection. 相似文献
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Caitlin C. Abar Sarah Farnett Kayla Mendola Kaitlyn Koban Sharon Sarra 《Journal of substance use》2018,23(3):335-337
Social media use by both teens and adults has become increasingly common. This frequency of interaction can be capitalized upon by researchers looking to design programs to limit youth substance use. This study serves as a first step in this area of research, examining how parent–child social media exchanges (specifically on Facebook) may be related to youth risk behavior. In a sample of 252 college students, results indicated that roughly 63% of youth reported being friends with their parents on Facebook while in high school. A minority (27%) reported they blocked their parents from seeing certain material on their Facebook page, and most youth reported their parents discussed information from their Facebook page with some regularity (65%). Logistic regression analyses indicated that, when accounting for demographics, parental solicitation, and parental control efforts, youth who were friends with their parents on Facebook and did not block any materials from them had a decreased likelihood of alcohol and/or marijuana use in high school relative to those who were not friends with their parents on Facebook or who blocked materials from their parents. These findings imply that efforts to encourage parent–child interactions via social media may help prevent substance use in high school. 相似文献
25.
Kayla Chase M.S.W. Michael Hendryx Ph.D. 《Administration and policy in mental health》1989,16(4):227-238
This study evaluates the impact of deinstitutionalization on a multiorganizational inpatient and outpatient treatment system. Data are presented on the system's use by 613 patients over an 8 1/2 year period. Goals of a deinstitutionalization program, increasing outpatient service utilization and decreasing rehospitalization, were not clearly achieved. The needs of an inpatient and outpatient care system include effective communication between systems of care, provisions for patient drift from one community to another, and outpatient services of sufficient breadth and quantity to meet the needs of various service users, particularly the severely disabled.This research was partially supported by a NRSA training grant, No. 2 T32 MH17053-06. 相似文献
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Riccardo Zuccarino Valeria Prada Isabella Moroni Emanuela Pagliano Maria Foscan Giulia Robbiano Chiara Pisciotta Kayla Cornett Rosemary Shy Angelo Schenone Davide Pareyson Michael Shy Joshua Burns 《Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS》2020,25(2):138-142
The Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS) is a Rasch‐built clinical outcome measure of disease severity. It is valid, reliable, and responsive to change for children and adolescents aged 3 to 20 years. The aim of this study was to translate and validate an Italian version of the CMTPedS using a validated framework of transcultural adaptation. The CMTPedS (Italian) was translated and culturally adapted from source into Italian by two experts in CMT with good English language proficiency. The two translations were reviewed by a panel of experts in CMT. The agreed provisional version was back translated into English by a professional translator. The definitive Italian version was developed during a consensus teleconference by the same panel. CMT patients were assessed with the final version of the outcome measure and a subset had a second assessment after 2 weeks to evaluate test‐retest reliability. Seventeen patients with CMT aged 5 to 20 years (eight female) were evaluated with the CMTPedS (Italian), and test‐retest was performed in three patients. The CMTPedS (Italian) showed a high test‐retest reliability. No patient had difficulty in completing the scale. The instructions for the different items were clearly understood by clinicians and therefore the administration of the outcome measure was straight forward and easily understood by the children assessed. The CMTPedS (Italian) will be used for clinical follow‐up and in clinical research studies in the Italian population. The data is fully comparable to that obtained from the English language version. 相似文献
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29.
Emily Whelan B. Anthony Armson Jillian Ashley-Martin Kayla MacSween Christy Woolcott 《Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology》2017,30(3):356-361
Study Objective
To examine the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and interpregnancy weight change (IPWC) in adolescent mothers (younger than 20 years), and to determine if this association differs from adult women (aged 20-35 years).Design
Retrospective cohort study.Setting and Participants
We included 3055 adolescents and 17,090 adult women with singleton pregnancies recorded in the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database with a subsequent pregnancy occurring between 2003 and 2014.Interventions and Main Outcome Measures
GWG in the first pregnancy was categorized as below, within, or above the current Institute of Medicine recommendations. IPWC was defined as the difference between the prepregnancy weights of the 2 pregnancies. Analyses were adjusted for parity, body mass index in the first pregnancy, and time between pregnancies.Results
Relative to adolescents with GWG within the recommendations, those who gained below had a 2.7 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.9) lower mean IPWC whereas those who gained above had a 4.2 kg (95% CI, 3.3-5.1) higher mean IPWC. Smaller differences in IPWC between GWG categories were observed in adult women; relative to those with GWG within the recommendations, adults who gained below had a 1.3 kg (95% CI, 0.9-1.7) lower mean IPWC and those who gained above had a 2.9 kg (95% CI, 2.6-3.2) higher mean IPWC.Conclusion
Mean IPWC differed across GWG categories and the differences were greater in adolescents than in adult women. This difference should be considered when assessing whether specific GWG recommendations are needed for adolescents. 相似文献30.
Trent A. Hargens Kayla N. Deyarmin Kelsey M. Snyder Allison G. Mihalik Lauren E. Sharpe 《Journal of medical engineering & technology》2017,41(3):200-207
Purpose: Current recommendations state that individuals engage in 150?min of moderate or 75?min of vigorous intensity physical activity (PA) each week. Commercial PA monitors are becoming popular for everyday use. The accuracy of these devices, however, is not well understood. We sought to examine the accuracy of two commercial devices, one wrist and one hip-worn, under free-living conditions.Methods: Twenty-two subjects wore two commercially available devices and one ActiGraph (AG) for seven consecutive days under normal activity.Results: Mean steps per day between all three devices differed significantly. No differences were found in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MPVA). Daily energy expenditure (EE) also differed significantly between the AG and the commercial devices. Bland–Altman analysis found poor agreement between the AG and the commercial devices with regards to steps and EE, but good agreement in MVPA.Conclusion: Results suggest that the commercial devices are less accurate in estimating steps and EE. These devices did show good agreement with regards to MVPA, suggesting that they may provide useful feedback for individuals seeking to achieve the current PA guidelines for MVPA. Improvements are needed with regards to steps and EE estimation. 相似文献