α2，6-唾液酸转移酶（ST6GalⅠ）的表达对结肠癌细胞唾液酸化的影响

目的 研究结肠癌细胞LS174T转染正义和反义的α2，6唾液酸转移酶(ST6GalⅠ)cDNA对结肠癌细胞表面唾液酸化及肿瘤细胞粘附功能的影响．方法 结肠癌细胞株LS174T转染正义ST6GalⅠcDNA或反义ST6GalⅠcDNA的部分序列的表达载体pcDNA3.1，以RT—PCR检测转染子ST6GalⅠmRNA的表达．流式细胞仪检测细胞表面α2，6唾液酸含量．结果 转染正义ST6GalⅠcDNA的克隆显示ST6GalⅠmRNA的表达增强以及接骨木凝集素(SNA)与细胞表面成分的结合增加；而转染反义ST6GalⅠcDNA的部分序列的细胞克隆的ST6GalⅠmRNA的表达减少．SNA与细咆表面成分的结合力降低．结论 ST6GalⅠ的表达直接影响细胞表面α2．6-连接的唾液酸水平并调节肿瘤细胞的粘附功能利用反义核酸技术抑制ST6GalⅠ的表达并降低肿瘤细咆表面α2，6-唾液酸水平可能成为减少癌细胞转移的一种手段．     

管花苷B对抗H2O2诱导的PC12细胞凋亡

目的：观察肉苁蓉提取物管花苷B对H₂O₂诱导的PC12细胞损伤的影响。方法：用MTT法检测细胞存活率，以激光共聚焦显微镜荧光染色法检测细胞内活性氧的产生和线粒体膜电位的变化，DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡的发生，并用荧光酶标仪测定caspase-3的活性。结果：100 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂处理细胞24 h显著降低细胞的存活率；诱导细胞发生凋亡，凋亡率达48.0％；细胞内活性氧水平及caspase-3的活性显著升高；而线粒体膜电位却明显降低，红/绿荧光强度的比值由正常的5.97降低为0.41左右。而预先给予1、10或100 mg·L^-1浓度的管花苷B处理细胞12 h，可显著提高细胞存活率；并可有效抑制DNA ladder的发生；流式细胞仪检测凋亡率分别降低到30.9%、18.3%和6.2%；激光共聚焦显微镜结果显示管花苷B可明显降低细胞内活性氧的水平；并可逐渐恢复线粒体的高能量状态；caspase-3的活性不断降低，并呈现了一定的剂量依赖性。结论：管花苷B能显著地抑制H₂O₂诱导的PC12细胞凋亡，其神经细胞保护作用可能与其降低细胞内活性氧水平，维持线粒体膜电位的高能状态和抑制caspase-3的活性有关。     

Mucosal bromodomain-containing protein 4 mediates aeroallergen-induced inflammation and remodeling

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Enhancement of N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the neostriatum after methamphetamine sensitization. An in vitro slice study

It has been suggested that behavioral methamphetamine sensitization involves changes in cortical excitatory synaptic inputs to neostriatal (Str) projection neurons. To test this, we performed blind whole-cell recording of medium spiny neurons in Str slice preparations. In Str neurons of naive rats, the amplitude of the subcortical white matter stimulation-induced N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (NMDA-EPSPs) was decreased upon hyperpolarization, owing to the voltage-dependent Mg(2+) blockade of NMDA receptor channels. In contrast, the amplitude of the NMDA-EPSPs in Str neurons of rats undergoing methamphetamine withdrawal (MW) did not show the Mg(2+) blockade and was nearly voltage independent over the membrane potential range of -70 to -110 mV. Application of the specific protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12, 13- DL-acetate, blocked the voltage-dependent Mg(2+) blockade of NMDA receptor channels in Str neurons of naive rats. Application of the specific activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), Sp-cAMPS-triethylamine salt, increased the amplitude of the NMDA receptor-mediated EPSPs at the rest but not at hyperpolarized potentials. Coapplication of the PKC and PKA activators yielded NMDA-EPSPs similar to those seen in Str neurons of MW rats. In Str slices of naive rats, tetanic subcortical white matter stimulation induced long-term depression of field potentials. In Str slices treated with the PKC and/or PKA, the same stimulation induced long-term potentiation of field potentials similar to those observed in slices obtained from MW rats. These results suggest that the enhancement of the NMDA receptor-mediated corticostriatal synaptic transmission plays an important role in behavioral methamphetamine sensitization. This enhancement is probably associated with phosphorylation of NMDA receptors mediated by the simultaneous activation of PKC and PKA.     

长骨内开口效应对其力学性能影响的理论模型研究

建立一个股骨中段的外侧皮质带有矩形开口的力学模型,采用有限元方法,计算骨开口区的尺寸改变时,股骨的扭转刚度和应力分布的变化。结果表明:骨开口长度为骨外径的1倍时(1OD),对股骨扭转刚度和剪应力分布的影响较小;开口长度从2OD增至4OD时扭转刚度急剧减小,而且剪应力的最大值位于开口区中心。本结论对临床骨科的手术治疗方法和骨开口尺寸的控制提供了重要的理论依据。     

Neurons in the rostral cingulate motor area monitor multiple phases of visuomotor behavior with modest parametric selectivity

We examined the cellular activity in the rostral cingulate motor area (CMAr) with respect to multiple behavioral factors that ranged from the retrieval and processing of associative visual signals to the planning and execution of instructed actions. We analyzed the neuronal activity in monkeys while they performed a behavioral task in which 2 visual instruction cues were given successively with an intervening delay. One cue instructed the location of the target to be reached; the other cue instructed which arm was to be used. After a second delay, the monkey received a motor-set cue to be prepared to initiate the motor task in accordance with instructions. Finally, after a GO signal, the monkey reached for the instructed target with the instructed arm. We found that the activity of neurons in the CMAr changed profoundly throughout the behavioral task, which suggested that the CMAr participated in each of the behavioral processing steps. However, the neuronal activity was only modestly selective for the spatial location of the visual signal. We also found that selectivity for the instructional information delivered with the signals (target location and arm use) was modest. Furthermore, during the motor-set and movement periods, few CMAr neurons exhibited selectivity for such motor parameters as the location of the target or the arm to be used. The abundance and robustness of the neuronal activity within the CMAr that reflected each step of the behavioral task and the modest selectivity of the same cells for sensorimotor parameters are strikingly different from the preponderance of selectivity that we have observed in other frontal areas. Based on these results, we propose that the CMAr participates in monitoring individual behavioral events to keep track of the progress of required behavioral tasks. On the other hand, CMAr activity during motor planning may reflect the emergence of a general intention for action.     

可溶性TRAIL重组蛋白治疗CIA实验研究

用sTRAIL重组蛋白治疗CIA模型 ,探讨sTRAIL用于自身免疫病治疗的可能性。将鸡肋骨II型胶原蛋白注射大鼠 ,建立了RA的动物模型———胶原诱导性关节炎 ,自制的可溶性TRAIL蛋白治疗CIA ,观察治疗后关节炎指数与血清中炎性细胞因子的变化。结果是sTRAIL 30 0ng/只 (0 1ml/次 )局部应用于关节炎部位 ,皮下注射 1周以后 ,sTRAIL应用的大鼠症状较对照组指数评分稍有下降 ;患病大鼠较正常大鼠IFN γ和TNF α表达量增加 ,而经过sTRAIL治疗后两者表达量都有显著下降 (P <0 0 5 )。提示sTRAIL局部应用后可缓解关节炎的局部炎症 ,可能是通过抑制激活的淋巴细胞 ,减少炎症细胞因子的分泌量和对炎症细胞的趋化而起作用     

胚胎干细胞源性肝干细胞在治疗性肝再生中的应用

目的： 应用治疗性肝再生模型进行胚胎干细胞(ESC)源性肝干细胞肝内移植, 观察其在肝组织替代、体内的生长分化及成瘤性等情况，为ESC移植在难治性肝病治疗中的临床应用提供实验依据。方法： 倒千里光碱+70%肝部分切除建立BALB/c小鼠的治疗性肝再生模型。用荧光示踪剂CFDA SE 标记移植细胞，将经淤胆血清“病理微环境”筛选体系筛选出的ESC源性肝干细胞经门静脉移植入治疗性肝再生模型小鼠肝内。然后荧光显微镜下观察，检测移植细胞体内分布、整合与肝细胞替代、体内生长分化等情况。2周后行白蛋白荧光免疫组化(双荧光染色)、血清白蛋白水平检测其功能状况。并通过观察其体内成瘤性对筛选出的ESC源性肝干细胞的安全性进行评估。结果： CFDA SE标记的ESC源性肝干细胞肝内移植1周，受体小鼠肝实质内可见散在绿色荧光分布。2周后，肝实质内绿色荧光分布区域明显扩大，且可见类似肝索样结构排列。共焦白蛋白荧光免疫组化(双荧光染色)结果表明，受体小鼠肝组织内可见标记细胞表达白蛋白阳性信号（呈黄色荧光），血清白蛋白水平则无明显差异（P>0.05）。6周内未见畸胎瘤形成，而将未分化的ESC移植入小鼠腋区皮下6周后则可见畸胎瘤形成。结论： 经淤胆血清“病理微环境”筛选体系筛选出的ESC源性肝干细胞移植入治疗性肝再生模型小鼠肝内后可有效整合入宿主肝板、在肝内能进一步生长分化并部分表达肝细胞功能。其安全性较好，6周内未见畸胎瘤形成。     

Allergic conversion of protective mucosal immunity against nasal bacteria in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis

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