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991.
Keiichi Tominaga Masakazu Nakano Mina Hoshino Hideyuki Hiraishi 《Clinical journal of gastroenterology》2013,6(2):99-104
Many medical investigations, including epidemiological studies, case reports and case series have been conducted in association with large-scale disasters worldwide. Gastrointestinal diseases have been identified in many studies on disaster-related diseases with various problems being encountered especially in the acute (the first 3 days after the onset of a disaster), subacute (approximately the first 2 weeks after the onset of a disaster), and chronic phases. The problems in the acute phase concern food security and nutrition, while those in the subacute phase concern constipation and diarrhea. According to each disease site, the clinically important problems in the chronic phase are peptic ulcer and functional dyspepsia affecting the upper gastrointestinal tract, and inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract. In addition, chronic hepatitis B and alcoholic liver diseases/pancreatitis are major hepatobiliary pancreatic diseases. 相似文献
992.
Lisa B. Haddad Carrie Cwiak Denise J. Jamieson Caryl Feldacker Hannock Tweya Mina Hosseinipour Irving Hoffman Amy G. Bryant Gretchen S. Stuart Isaac Noah Linly Mulundila Bernadette Samala Patrick Mayne Sam Phiri 《Contraception》2013
Objective
To evaluate contraceptive adherence to the copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) and the injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) among women with HIV in Lilongwe, Malawi.Methods
We randomized 200 HIV-infected women on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to either the Cu-IUD or DMPA and followed these women prospectively, evaluating adherence and factors associated with nonadherence.Results
There was no difference in contraceptive adherence: 68% of Cu-IUD and 65% of DMPA users were adherent at 48 weeks. Receiving first-choice contraceptive was not associated with adherence. Women commonly cited partner's disapproval as an indication for discontinuation. Women who experienced heavy menstruation and first-time contraceptive users were more likely to be nonadherent. Among ongoing users at study conclusion, 95% were happy with their method, and 98% would recommend their method to a friend.Conclusion
Contraceptive adherence between the Cu-IUD and DMPA was similar at 1 year. With similar adherence and similar high rates of satisfaction among users of both methods at 1 year, the Cu-IUD offers a hormone-free alternative to DMPA.Implications
Adherence to the Cu-IUD and DMPA is similar at 1 year among HIV-infected women on HAART in a randomized controlled trial. Despite high method satisfaction, partner disapproval and heavy bleeding contribute to reduced adherence. Receiving a method that differs from participant's first-choice method did not influence adherence. 相似文献993.
Shohreh-Ghatreh Samani Roya Kelishadi Atoosa Adibi Hengameh Noori Mina Moeini 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2011,21(3):287-293
Objective
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), defined by a gender-specific cutoff value, among normal weight and overweight children; and to assess the relationship of increasing ALT levels with cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among school students, aged 6-18 years in Isfahan, Iran. Based on the body mass index (BMI) percentiles, a group of normal-weight was compared with a group of overweight and obese students. Gender differences were considered for increased levels of ALT, i.e. 19U/L and 30U/L for girls and boys respectively.Findings
The study participants consisted of 1172 students (56.2% girls), with a mean (SD) age of 12.57 (3.3) years. Among overweight/obese students the mean triglycerides (TG) and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in those with increased ALT than in those with normal ALT levels. The logistic regression analysis showed that among overweight/obese boys, for each 1 unit increase in ALT, the odds ratio (OR) of TG, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure increased significantly. After adjusting for age, these associations remained significant, and the OR of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) decreased significantly. In the model adjusting for age and BMI, the ORs of TG and HDL-c remained significant. After adjusting for age and waist circumference, HDL-c was the only parameter with significant OR. Among overweight/obese girls, in all models applied, the OR was significant for TG and total cholesterol. A significant independent association was documented for waist circumference and increase in ALT after adjustment for BMI.Conclusion
This study documented significant relationship of increased ALT levels, defined by a gender-specific cutoff point, with cardiometabolic risk factors and hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype in Iranian children and adolescents. 相似文献994.
Hormozi M Talebi S Zarnani AH Jeddi-Tehrani M Gohari LH Soltanghoraei H Jafarabadi M Akhondi MM 《Fertility and sterility》2011,95(8):2560-2563
To investigate the effect of 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido) adenosine (NECA), an adenosine agonist, on triggering angiogenesis in transplanted human ovarian tissue, the expression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), Ang2, vascular endothelial growth factor 121 (VEGF-121) and VEGF-189 at both gene and protein levels as well as the density of vasculature were studied in tissue fragments grafted to NECA-treated and control groups of nude mice. The results showed that NECA treatment triggered down-regulation of Ang1, induced VEGF-189 expression, and stimulated neovascularization, highlighting the beneficial effect of NECA on the process of angiogenesis. 相似文献
995.
Salerno JC Seslar SP Chun TU Vafaeezadeh M Parrish AR Permut LC Cohen GA McMullan DM 《Pediatric cardiology》2011,32(6):754-758
The development of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is related to the rate and duration of supraventricular tachycardia
(SVT). Infants may be more susceptible to TIC because early symptoms might be unrecognized. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
(ECMO) may improve outcome in patients with SVT and TIC; however, clinical predictors of infants who require ECMO support
have not been determined. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of the need for ECMO in infants with SVT and
TIC. Sixteen infants <6 months of age who experienced resolution of TIC following control of arrhythmia were identified. Three
patients (19%) required ECMO support. Comparisons were made between patients who required ECMO and those who did not. The
groups were similar with respect to age at presentation, type of SVT, rate of SVT, and degree of ventricular dysfunction.
However, patients requiring ECMO had increased median M-mode-derived left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVED) z-score when compared to the medically managed patents (+2.8 vs. 0.0, P = 0.009). No patient in the medically managed group had an LVED z-score >2.3. Infants presenting with SVT and TIC with LVED z-score >2 are at increased risk for requiring ECMO support and early use of ECMO should be considered. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
Herrmann SE McKinnon EJ Williams LJ John M Mallal S Lucas M Nolan DA 《Sexual health》2012,9(2):199-201
Self-report questionnaires on alcohol, nicotine and other drugs were administered to assess the current prevalence of alcohol, drug and nicotine use in our tertiary HIV service and inform the establishment of effective interventions. Many respondents reported use of alcohol over the preceding month (111 out of 152, 73%), and recent drug use (48 out of 137, 35%) and frequently both. Sessional alcohol consumption was prevalent among drinkers (52 out of 111, 47%), and correlated with both early treatment phase (P=0.009) and non-adherence (P=0.03). Encouraged by a notable proportion of patients expressing interest in clinic-based smoking cessation counselling, we recommend a targeted education strategy to motivate patients in health-seeking behaviours. 相似文献
999.
NJ Olsen T Buch-Andersen MN Händel LM Ostergaard J Pedersen C Seeger M Stougaard M Trærup K Livemore EL Mortensen C Holst BL Heitmann 《BMC public health》2012,12(1):590
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Research shows that obesity prevention has to start early. Targeting interventions towards subgroups of individuals who are predisposed, but yet normal weight, may prove more effective in preventing overweight than interventions towards unselected normal weight subsets. Finally, interventions focused on other factors than diet and activity are lacking. The objectives were to perform a randomized, controlled intervention aiming at preventing overweight in children aged 2-6 years, who are yet normal weight, but have high predisposition for future overweight, and to intervene not only by improving diet and physical activity, but also reduce stress and improve sleep quality and quantity. METHODS: Based on information from the Danish national birth registry and administrative birth forms, children were selected based on having either high birth weight, a mother who was overweight prior to pregnancy, or a familial low socioeconomic status. Selected children (n = 5,902) were randomized into three groups; an intervention group, a shadow control group followed in registers exclusively, and a control group examined at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Approximately 21% agreed to participate. Children who presented as overweight prior to the intervention were excluded from this study (n = 92). In the intervention group, 271 children were included, and in the control group 272 were included. Information obtained from the shadow control group is on-going, but it is estimated that 394 children will be included. The intervention took place over on average 11/2 year, between 2009 and 2011, and consisted of optional individual guidance in optimizing diet and physical activity habits, reducing chronic stress and stressful events and improving sleep quality and quantity. The intervention also included participation in cooking classes and play arrangements. Information on dietary intake, meal habits, physical activity, sleep habits, and overall stress level was obtained by 4-7 day questionnaire dairies and objective measurements. DISCUSSION: If the Healthy Start project is effective in preventing excessive weight gain, it will provide valuable information on new determinants of obesity that should be considered in future interventions, and on new strategies to prevent development of overweight and obesity at an early age. Trial Registration Number: NCT01583335. 相似文献
1000.
Caswell-Jin Jennifer L. Shafaee Maryam N. Xiao Lan Liu Mina John Esther M. Bondy Melissa L. Kurian Allison W. 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2022,194(2):475-482
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment - The early months of the COVID-19 pandemic led to reduced cancer screenings and delayed cancer surgeries. We used insurance claims data to understand how... 相似文献