不孕症42例的TORCH,CBV联合检测

目的：探讨ＴＯＲＣＨ（弓形体、风疹病毒和巨细胞病毒的合称）、ＣＢＶ（柯萨奇Ｂ组病毒）感染与不孕症之间的关系。方法：采用抗体捕获酶联免疫和间接酶联免疫法技术,检测４２例不孕症患者血清中ＴＯＲＣＨ、ＣＢＶ特异性抗体ＩｇＭ、ｌｇＧ,并与９２例早孕妇女、２６例健康经产妇、２８例晚孕妇女相对照。结果：（１）不孕症患者ＴＯＲＣＨ总感染率（２３８％）与孕妇组总感染率（５４％）,经统计学处理,差别非常显著（Ｐ＜００２）。其中,风疹病毒感染率不孕症组（９５％）与孕妇组感染率（１０８％）比较,存在显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）;不孕症组弓形体和巨细胞病毒感染率分别为９５％、４７６％,与孕妇组（３６％、１０８％）比较,差别无显著性（Ｐ＞００５）。（２）不孕症组ＣＢＶ－ＩｇＭ感染率（６４３％）与健康经产妇感染率（１５％）,经统计学处理,差别非常显著（Ｐ＜０００１）;与孕妇组（３７５％）比较,差别有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）。（３）不孕症组存在两种病原体混合感染情况。结论：提示ＴＯＲＣＨ、ＣＢＶ感染是不孕症的重要病因之一。     

CA_(15-3)对术后乳腺癌的随诊价值

目的：探讨 Ｃ Ａ１５ － ３ 对术后乳腺癌的随诊价值。材料与方法：１９９６ 年６ 月至１９９６ 年１２ 月行常规放疗的术后乳腺癌患者４５ 例,于放疗前开始首次检测外周血 Ｃ Ａ１５ － ３ 值,在以后的随诊工作中,作为检查项目之一,即每１～３ 个月查血１ 次,监测时间为２ 年。结果：有复发转移与无复发转移两组的 Ｃ Ａ１５ － ３ 水平分别为（５６ ．２１ ±８ ．３７） Ｕ／ｍｌ,（１３ ．４９ ±２ ．２２） Ｕ／ｍｌ, Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１ ; Ｃ Ａ１５ － ３ 升高的５ 例复发转移患者, Ｃ Ａ１５ － ３ 首次升高均出现于临床或影像学检查之前,提早时间平均为（２ ．５４ ±１ ．３６） 个月;以 Ｃ Ａ１５ － ３ ＞ ３０ Ｕ／ ｍｌ 为阳性,６ 例复发、转移患者中,５ 例阳性,阳性率的９５ ％ 可信区间为３６ ％ ～１００ ％ ,３９ 例无复发、转移患者中,１ 例 Ｃ Ａ１５ － ３ 阳性,假阳性率的９５ ％ 可信区间为０ ～１４ ％ 。结论： Ｃ Ａ１５ － ３ 对乳腺癌术后的转移或复发有较好的特异性和阳性预测性,在术后随诊中有不可替代的预测作用。     

健康儿童作为药物动力学研究受试者的伦理学辩论

儿童是否允许作为健康受试参加药物动力学研究，目前存在较大分歧。本列出截然不同的两种观点，旨在防范这类研究在健康儿童的不适当实施，以保证其符合国际共认的伦理学要求。     

胃粘膜表皮生长因子受体在胃溃疡愈合中的表达

目的 探讨人胃溃疡愈合过程中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)表达的变化及其作用。方法 采用免疫组化方法，对正常胃粘膜(8例)、胃溃疡活动期(GA组10例)、愈合期(GH组10)例)、瘢痕期(GS组10例)组织的EGFR的表达进行定位观察和图像分析。结果GA组胃粘膜GEFR蛋白质和mRNA的表达均较正常时增加，GH及GS组更加明显。结论 在人胃溃疡愈合过程中，胃粘膜EGFR的表达由弱到强。     

18例大肠癌肝转移高强度聚焦超声治疗的临床观察

目的:研究高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗大肠癌肝转移病灶的安全性和有效性.方法:18例大肠癌术后肝转移患者31个病灶行HIFU治疗,观察患者生命体征、主要脏器功能、影像学检查(CT或MRI等)、并发症和肿瘤转归的情况.结果:所有患者生命体征平稳,肝、肾功能正常,平均随访16.1个月(6～38个月),失访2例,生存13例,12、18个月生存率分别为83.3%和66.7%,中位生存期16个月;随访25个病灶中,17个肿瘤块缩小超过50%,有5例出现新的转移灶,8例出现皮肤浅Ⅱ度烧伤.结论:HIFU治疗是一种安全、有效和非侵入性治疗大肠癌肝转移病灶的手段.     

胸水中CEA CYFRA21-1 NSE和LDH对肺癌的临床诊断

目的:探讨CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、LDH水平对癌性胸水的诊断价值。方法:采用电化学发光方法检测胸水中的CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE,采用酶法检测LDH。结果:恶性胸水的CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、LDH水平明显高于良性胸水(P<0.01),肺腺癌CEA明显高于鳞癌和小细胞肺癌(P<0.01),肺鳞癌CYFRA21-1水平明显高于腺癌(P<0.05)和小细胞肺癌(P<0.01),小细胞肺癌NSE明显高于鳞癌(P<0.01)。4项标志物联合检测的敏感性、准确性均比单项检测高。结论:联合检测胸水中的CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE和LDH对肺癌的诊断具有重要的临床意义。     

A double-blind randomised controlled trial of the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone density of women taking oestrogen replacement therapy

Objective To assess the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone density in women who have had a hysterectomy
Design Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg, 20 mg or placebo as an adjunct to oestrogen therapy.
Participants One hundred and twenty-three women, aged 18 to 45 years and currently receiving daily oestrogen, who presented at a university-based rheumatology practice.
Interventions The women were randomly assigned to receive either medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg, 20 mg or placebo daily beginning on day 15 of each month for one year. Forty-one women were randomised into each group.
Main outcome measure The primary outcome measurement was the percentage of change from baseline in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L2–L4). Secondary outcome measures included differences in femoral neck bone density, cholesterol and triglyceride levels between groups.
Results At one year, change in bone mineral density did not differ between either the treatment or placebo groups. Medroxyprogesterone acetate 20 mg and 10 mg led to statistically significant reductions in very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total triglycerides, and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides when compared with placebo. Medroxyprogesterone acetate 20 mg also led to a statistically significant reduction in high density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipo-protein-2 cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein-2 triglycerides.
Conclusions Medroxyprogesterone acetate at either dose as an adjunct to oestrogen did not improve bone mineral density at one year when compared with placebo. Medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg may not adversely affect lipids. Medroxyprogesterone acetate 20 mg, however, did reduce high density lipoprotein cholestrol and therefore may increase cardiovascular risk.     

Urogenital ageing and its effect on sexual health in older British women

Objective To provide information on the extent of problems of urogenital ageing in older British women.
Design A MORI survey of a representative population sample of older British women.
Setting Home interviews.
Participants Two thousand and forty-five women aged 55–85+.
Results Urogenital symptoms had affected 48.8% of the women at some time, but no more than 11% were currently affected by individual symptoms; however, these were often of long duration. The majority (73%) were not sexually active, with lack of a partner being a factor for many. There was also a decreasing prevalence of sexual activity with increasing age. Those sexually active in the 65–74 year old age group (   n = 148  ) tended to have a similar sexual frequency (at least once per month) compared with the younger women studied. Approximately 12% of those who reported dyspareunia and/or vaginal dryness claimed a severe problem; 33% did not seek professional advice and 36% resorted to an over the counter remedy. Use of hormone replacement therapy was generally of relatively short duration. There was a declining gradient of ever-use with age.
Conclusions The extent of significant urogenital symptoms is relatively low, but some women are seriously affected and use self-help as well as professional assistance. The extent of sexual activity in older women and factors affecting this have been defined, and the effect of urogenital symptoms on sexual activity demonstrated.