全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1084篇 |
免费 | 72篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 29篇 |
妇产科学 | 14篇 |
基础医学 | 106篇 |
口腔科学 | 20篇 |
临床医学 | 84篇 |
内科学 | 333篇 |
皮肤病学 | 23篇 |
神经病学 | 165篇 |
特种医学 | 156篇 |
外科学 | 70篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
预防医学 | 41篇 |
眼科学 | 4篇 |
药学 | 44篇 |
肿瘤学 | 67篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 42篇 |
2011年 | 56篇 |
2010年 | 33篇 |
2009年 | 45篇 |
2008年 | 42篇 |
2007年 | 50篇 |
2006年 | 38篇 |
2005年 | 35篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 29篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 32篇 |
1999年 | 28篇 |
1998年 | 58篇 |
1997年 | 51篇 |
1996年 | 32篇 |
1995年 | 29篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1170条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Ageing appearance in China: biophysical profile of facial skin and its relationship to perceived age
AE Mayes PG Murray DA Gunn CC Tomlin SD Catt YB Wen LP Zhou HQ Wang M Catt SP Granger 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2010,24(3):341-348
Background Perceived age is important to women and is a primary driver for topical product use and facial cosmetic surgery. Changes in facial features and biophysical skin parameters with chronological age and their associations with perceived age have not been described in Asian populations. Objective To investigate the relationship between biophysical properties of the skin, visual features of skin ageing and perceived facial age in Chinese women. Methods Facial photographs were collected of 250 Chinese women, aged 25–70 years in Shanghai, China. The perceived facial age was determined and related to the chronological age for each participant and to a range of visual assessments of skin appearance and objective biophysical measurements of the skin. The profile of changes in these parameters with age was investigated together with the differences in those parameters for women judged to look younger than their chronological age and those judged to look older than their chronological age. Results Large discrepancies in perceived age (up to 29 years) were found in women of the same chronological age. Each objective skin measure and visual assessment parameter had a stronger correlation with perceived age than with chronological age. The strongest relationships to perceived age were for wrinkles and hyperpigmentation. Skin colour, hydration and trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) had weaker associations with perceived age. Women judged to look older than their chronological age had significantly higher scores than those judged to look younger for coarse wrinkles and hyperpigmentation across all age groups. The appearance differences between these groups were evident in composite facial images of the same average chronological age. Conclusions We have identified the skin attributes which differ with perceived age in Chinese women. Perceived age is a better measure of the biological age of facial skin than is chronological age in this population. 相似文献
62.
N. Ezra K. Dang G. Heuser 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2011,30(1):1-6
It is, by now, well established that mold toxins (mycotoxins) can cause significant adverse health effects. In this study,
15 subjects who developed an attention deficit disorder (ADD) and slowing of reaction time at the time of exposure to mold
toxins were identified. Deficits in attention span and reaction time were documented not only by taking a careful history,
but also by performing a Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). The TOVA test provides an objective measure of these two variables.
It was found that mold-exposed subjects show statistically significant decreases in attention span and significant increases
in reaction time to stimuli compared to controls. After ten sessions of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT), a statistically
significant improvement was seen in both measures. This preliminary study suggests promising outcomes in treating mold-exposed
patients with hyperbaric oxygen. 相似文献
63.
Punnaiah C. Marella Siva Talluri Renata Schwartz Richard R. Heuser 《Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine》2013,14(6):333-337
ObjectiveThe objective is to see if use of the ACIST? device during carotid stenting would be feasible without an increase in primary end points when compared to historic controls.BackgroundCarotid stenting has been studied as an effective alternative to endarterectomy in high-surgical-risk patients. Traditional angiography involves manual contrast injection. It leads to excess contrast volume and greater fluoroscopy times. The Acist contrast injection device helps with the regulation and lowering of contrast volume.MethodsThis is a consecutive, non-randomized, open-label, multiple-operator-based study. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) subject is considered at high risk for carotid endarterectomy, (b) subject requires percutaneous carotid angioplasty and stenting for carotid disease, and (c) subject must be asymptomatic with ≥ 80% stenosis of the internal and/or common carotid artery. The primary end points measured were, death from any cause, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack or stroke within 30 days of intervention. Secondary end points were contrast volume and fluoroscopy time.ResultsFour operators in one institution performed interventions from June 2007 to May 2012 on 133 consecutive patients. They were predominantly men (59.4%). The mean age (SD) was 73.64 (7.952) years. Stroke occurred in 3% (N = 4), transient ischemic attack in 0.8% (N = 1) and myocardial infarction in 0.8% (N = 1). Three study subjects died (2.3%). The mean (SD) contrast volume was 121.24 (67.79) mL. The mean (SD) fluoroscopy time was 18.34 (11.31) minutes.ConclusionsThe use of the ACIST? device was feasible in carotid stenting in a high-risk population without an increase in end points when compared to historic controls. 相似文献
64.
BA DARLOW TE INDER KB SLUIS G NUTHALL N MOGRIDGE CC WINTERBOURN 《Journal of paediatrics and child health》1995,31(4):339-344
Objective: New Zealand soils are deficient in the essential micronutrient, selenium. New Zealand infants have low selenium levels at birth and experience a further decline if fed cows milk based formula. This study examined the selenium status of infants fed with a new commercially available selenium supplemented formula.
Methodology Forty-four newborn infants, whose mothers wished to formula feed, were randomized in an open controlled trial to be fed a commercially available selenium supplemented cows milk formula (containing 17 μg Se/L) or an unsupplemented formula (containing 4.6 μg Se/L). Cord, 1 and 3 month blood samples were obtained for selenium status (plasma and red cell selenium and glutathione peroxidase) and thyroid function.
Results Mean plasma selenium and glutathione peroxidase values were significantly higher in supplemented than unsupplemented infants at 1 month (unpaired t -tests; P <0.0001 and P = 0.001 respectively) and 3 months ( P <0.0001 and P = 0.0005). Analysis within treatment groups between time points (paired t -tests) showed that selenium supplementation prevented the fall in plasma selenium from birth to 1 month seen in unsupplemented infants and was associated with a rise in levels between 1 and 3 months ( P = 0.002).
Conclusions Supplementing cows milk formula with selenium to replicate the levels found in breast milk is nutritionally sound. Feeding from a few days of age with a formula containing 17 μg Se/L in infants with low selenium status at birth is sufficient to cause a rise to 80% of adult levels at 3 months of age. 相似文献
Methodology Forty-four newborn infants, whose mothers wished to formula feed, were randomized in an open controlled trial to be fed a commercially available selenium supplemented cows milk formula (containing 17 μg Se/L) or an unsupplemented formula (containing 4.6 μg Se/L). Cord, 1 and 3 month blood samples were obtained for selenium status (plasma and red cell selenium and glutathione peroxidase) and thyroid function.
Results Mean plasma selenium and glutathione peroxidase values were significantly higher in supplemented than unsupplemented infants at 1 month (unpaired t -tests; P <0.0001 and P = 0.001 respectively) and 3 months ( P <0.0001 and P = 0.0005). Analysis within treatment groups between time points (paired t -tests) showed that selenium supplementation prevented the fall in plasma selenium from birth to 1 month seen in unsupplemented infants and was associated with a rise in levels between 1 and 3 months ( P = 0.002).
Conclusions Supplementing cows milk formula with selenium to replicate the levels found in breast milk is nutritionally sound. Feeding from a few days of age with a formula containing 17 μg Se/L in infants with low selenium status at birth is sufficient to cause a rise to 80% of adult levels at 3 months of age. 相似文献
65.
A E Horwitz G Benz-Bohm L Heuser E Crespo H Dalichau 《Monatsschrift für Kinderheilkunde》1986,134(1):28-31
Aortic dissections of the aorta thoracalis are rare in childhood, and mostly cause a life-threatening situation in which an immediate diagnosis is the key for survival. Main causes are an aortic vitium or a traumatic disruption. The conclusive diagnosis can only be obtained by a chest-X-ray, the two-dimensional echocardiography and the dynamic computed tomography scanning of the thorax. It must be taken into account, that patients with a polytrauma could possibly suffer from a traumatic aortic dissection, which sometimes can only be diagnosed at a later date. 相似文献
66.
J S Spratt A F Chang L S Heuser J G Kuhns J B Buchanan H C Polk 《Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics》1983,157(3):220-222
The timely discovery of curable carcinoma through screening and early treatment is compromised by the existence of acute carcinoma with adverse properties. The existence of an acute carcinoma must be considered in planning and promoting any public health program for the control of carcinoma of the breast. These carcinomas will surface under any contemporarily available screening or detection program through no physician or patient error. These carcinomas have identifiable properties, and their occurrence should not be the basis of a malpractice suit, since their evolution is not presently preventable. The available data on actual doubling times obviously provide truncated distributions, since they contain no data on the faster subsets of carcinomas that surface in the intervals between screenings too quickly to permit measurement of size and calculation of DT (act). 相似文献
67.
Long-term survival of glioblastoma multiforme: importance of histopathological reevaluation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kraus JA Wenghoefer M Schmidt MC von Deimling A Berweiler U Roggendorf W Diete S Dietzmann K Müller B Heuser K Reifenberger G Schlegel U 《Journal of neurology》2000,247(6):455-460
The overall prognosis for patients with glioblastoma multiforme is extremely poor. However, a small proportion of patients
enjoy prolonged survival. This study investigated retrospectively the extent to which erroneous histopathological classification
may contribute to long-term survival of patients initially diagnosed with “glioblastoma multiforme”. We compared two age-
and gender-matched patient groups with different postoperative time to tumor progression (TTP), defined as “short-term” for
TTP of less than 6 months (n=54) and “long-term” for TTP of more than 12 months (n=52). Histological specimens of the corresponding tumors, all primarily diagnosed as glioblastome multiforme, were reevaluated
according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors, with the investigators
being blinded to clinical outcome. Among the tumors from short-term TTP patients, one tumor (2%) was reclassified as anaplastic
oligoastrocytoma (WHO grade III) while the remaining 53 were confirmed as glioblastoma multiforme. In contrast, 13 tumors
(25%) from the long-term TTP patients were reclassified, mostly as anaplastic oligodendroglioma (WHO grade III; n=7) or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (WHO grade III, n=2), respectively. In addition, three were reclassified as anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III), and one was identified
as anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade III). Our data indicate that a sizable proportion of glioblastoma patients
with long-term survival actually carry malignant gliomas with oligodendroglial features. The correct histopathological recognition
of these tumors has not only progrostic but also therapeutic implications, since oligodendroglial tumors are more likely to
respond favorably to chemotherapy.
Received: 9 November 1999, Received in revised form: 13 January 2000, Accepted: 3 February 2000 相似文献
68.
F J T Staal G Cario G Cazzaniga T Haferlach M Heuser W-K Hofmann K Mills M Schrappe M Stanulla L U Wingen J J M van Dongen B Schlegelberger 《Leukemia》2006,20(8):1385-1392
A plethora of studies have documented that gene expression profiling using DNA microarrays for various types of hematological malignancies provides novel information, which may have diagnostic and prognostic implications. However, to successfully use microarrays for this purpose, the quality and reproducibility of the whole procedure need to be guaranteed. Critical steps of the method are handling, processing and storage of the leukemic sample, purification of tumor cells (or lack thereof), RNA extraction methods, quality control of RNA, labeling techniques, hybridization, washing, scanning, spot filtering, normalization and initial interpretation, and finally the biostatistical analysis. These items have been extensively discussed and evaluated in different multi-center quality rounds within the three networks, that is, I-BFM-SG, the German Competence Network 'Acute and Chronic Leukemias' and the European LeukemiaNet. Based on the exchange of knowledge and experience between the three networks over the last few years, we have formulated guidelines for performing microarray experiments in leukemia. We confine ourselves to leukemias, but many of these requirements also apply to lymphomas or other clinical samples, including solid tumors. 相似文献
69.
Wang WS; Fan FS; Hsieh RK; Chiou TJ; Lin JK; Lin TC; Yen CC; Liu JH; Hsu H; Chen PM 《Japanese journal of clinical oncology》1997,27(3):174-179
5-Fluorouracil in combination with leucovorin has been shown to be active
in therapeutic trials of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. In this study, we
administered these drugs to 72 patients with metastatic colorectal
carcinoma. Thirty-six of them without previous exposure to 5-fluorouracil
were treated with weekly bolus injections of 5-fluorouracil (425 mg/m2) and
leucovorin (25 mg/m2) supplemented with oral levamisole. Another 36
patients with or without prior 5-fluorouracil treatment received
5-fluorouracil 3,000 mg/m2 and leucovorin 300 mg/m2 in a 48-hour continuous
infusion every two weeks. Clinical efficacy and toxicity were assessed by
WHO criteria. Variables were tested for relations to response and survival
by univariate and multivariate analysis. The response rate was 19.4% in
weekly bolus arm and 13.9% in biweekly high-dose infusion arm (P = 0.527).
Median survivals in the two arms were 18.4 months (weekly) and 21 months
(biweekly) respectively (P = 0.708). Gastrointestinal side effects
including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and mucositia were the major
toxicities of these regimens. By multivariate analysis, the only factor to
influence response rate was the site of metastases (P = 0.009). The only
factor to affect survival was performance status of the patient (P =
0.0001). We concluded that the two 5-fluorouracil based regimens are
well-tolerated and shown to have a response rate comparable with previous
reports of similar regimens in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Only liver metastases seemed to have a better response to therapy.
Performance status is the most important prognostic factor in patients with
metastatic colorectal cancer.
相似文献
70.
Wang WS; Liu JH; Chiou TJ; Hsieh RK; Yen CC; Chen PM 《Japanese journal of clinical oncology》1997,27(3):180-184
A 28-year-old woman was admitted to our Hospital with a chief complaint of
progressive gingival swelling and loosening of teeth over about a year.
According to past history, she had received total thyroidectomy 2 years
previously due to thyromegaly. The thyroidectomy specimen was at first
interpreted as 'poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid'. One year
ago, she began to be aware of gingival swelling and loosening of teeth. A
gum biopsy was taken and the pathologic features were similar to her
'thyroid carcinoma'. Subsequent investigations, including
immunohistochemical stain, showed the gum was heavily infiltrated with
histiocyte-like Langerhans' cells which were positive for S-100 protein.
Ultrastructural examination of the cells under electron microscope revealed
many typical intra-cytoplasmic Birbeck granules. Langerhans' cell
histiocytosis was diagnosed. Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with thyroid
involvement is extremely rare and may run a relatively indolent course.
Even on a retrospective examination, it may easily be confused with poorly
differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. We suspect that this error may
have been made on other occasions and that the occurrence of this condition
may be underreported.
相似文献