子宫全切手术治疗子宫肌瘤126例临床分析

目的：比较经腹与经阴道子宫全切术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法将该院于2011年5月—2014年5月收治的126例子宫肌瘤患者随机分为两组,观察组选用经子宫全切治疗,对照组选用经腹子宫全切术治疗,观察并比较两组患者各手术指标以及术后并发症情况。结果观察组各手术指标以及术后恢复指标均明显低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经阴道子宫全切术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效好,具备微创手术特点,能有效减少术中出血量等指标,患者术后恢复速度较快,值得在临床上予以推广。     

Kawasaki disease with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency,case report

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs predominantly in infants and children younger than 5 years of age. Coronary artery abnormalities are the most serious complication.Based on the literatures infusion of Intravenous Immunoglobulin of 2 g/kg and a high dose of oral aspirin up to 100 mg/kg/day are the standard treatment for Kawasaki disease in the acute stage, and should be followed by antiplatelet dose of aspirin for thrombocytosis. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited X-linked hereditary disorder, and aspirin can induce hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency. We report a case of a 5 year and 8 month old male with KD and G6PD deficiency.     

Assessing the delivery of neutrophils to tissues in neutropenia

Studies of neutrophil kinetics in neutropenic individuals, as well as clinical observations of variability in the occurrence of infection among patients with neutropenia, have suggested that blood neutrophil counts may not uniformly reflect the effective delivery of neutrophils to extravascular tissues where the cells perform their principal host defense functions. To evaluate this possibility we developed a sensitive, reproducible method of measuring the extravascular delivery of neutrophils to a normal mucosal site of neutrophil turnover. This method is based upon the quantification of neutrophils recoverable from saline mouth wash specimens. Twenty-five mL specimens, obtained in a controlled manner from neutropenic patients and normal subjects, were centrifuged and the sediments resuspended in 1.0 mL Hank's buffer with 2 micrograms acridine orange, incubated at 37 degrees C for 15 minutes, and then examined in a hemocytometer chamber by fluorescence microscopy. Neutrophils could be clearly distinguished by their characteristic fluorescence and were counted. With this method as few as 1,500 neutrophils were detected reliably in mouth wash specimens. Mucosal neutrophil counts varied less than 10% with repeated sampling of individual subjects over 5-day periods and were consistently greater than 1.3 X 10(5)/specimen in non-neutropenic individuals. Although profound neutropenia was generally reflected by lower than normal oral mucosal neutrophil counts, these counts were significantly higher in individuals with chronic severe neutropenia (blood neutrophils less than 300/mm3) than in patients with acute neutropenia of comparable severity that had developed following chemotherapy. Also, in individuals recovering from profound neutropenia, neutrophils usually reappeared earlier in mouth wash specimens than in blood, and oral mucosal neutrophil counts attained recovery levels more rapidly than did blood counts. This phenomenon was particularly evident in an individual with cyclic neutropenia. Moreover, mucosal neutrophils could occasionally be detected in profoundly neutropenic patients when neutrophils were not present in blood samples. These findings indicate that mucosal neutrophil counts in individuals with neutropenia provide information about the delivery of neutrophils to tissues that may not be apparent from blood neutrophil counts alone.     

New Innovations in the Treatment of PJI and Biofilms—Clinical and Preclinical Topics

Purpose of Review

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication after total joint replacement. A main source for antibiotic tolerance and treatment failure is bacterial production of biofilm—a resilient barrier against antibiotics, immune system, and mechanical debridement. The purpose of this review is to explore some novel approaches to treat PJI and biofilm-related infections.

Recent Findings

Innovative treatment strategies of bacterial and biofilm infections revolve around (a) augmenting current therapies, such as improving the delivery and efficiency of conventional antibiotics and enhancing the efficacy of antiseptics and (b) administrating completely new therapeutic modalities, such as using immunotherapy, nanoparticles, lytic bacteriophages, photodynamic therapy, novel antibiotics, and antimicrobial peptides.

Summary

Several promising treatment strategies for PJI are available to be tested further. The next requirement for most of the novel treatments is reproducing their effects in clinically representative animal models of PJI against clinical isolates of relevant bacteria.

     

腹腔镜手术对不孕症患者的诊断及治疗价值研究

目的探讨腹腔镜手术对不孕症患者的诊断及治疗价值。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2010年9月-2014年5月收治的319例不孕症患者的临床资料,对所有患者行腹腔镜下诊断及相应的手术治疗(包括盆腔粘连分解、输卵管造口术、输卵管灼断术等)。结果 319例患者腹腔镜术中检查与术前子宫输卵管碘油造影结果的符合率为72.1%(230/319),其中有43例术中发现子宫肌瘤,56例术中发现输卵管系膜囊肿,8例患者术中发现子宫内膜异位症,有2例患者诊断为盆腔结核,1例术中发现结肠肌瘤(术前考虑卵巢囊肿),其余为不同程度的盆腔慢性炎症。轻度粘连69例,妊娠21例,宫外孕2例,妊娠率33.33%。中重度粘连250例,其中行灼断术34例,灼断术患者后行体外受精及胚胎移植(IVF-ET),妊娠13例,妊娠率38.23%(13/34)。其余216例,失访3例,妊娠31例,宫外孕3例、妊娠率15.9%。结论腹腔镜对诊断输卵管性不孕及盆腔疾病有重要价值,子宫输卵管造影仅能初级筛查,诊断价值有限。在治疗输卵管粘连梗阻中,腹腔镜的治疗价值有待进一步探讨,临床预后与盆腔炎症的程度有关,应个体化选择手术方案。     

中药面膜治疗痤疮40例

目的 评价中药面膜方治疗痤疮的临床疗效.方法 选择15 ～ 30岁痤疮患者51例,随机分为治疗组40例和对照组11例,治疗组睡前外敷中药(白芷、刺蒺藜、茯苓等)面膜方,前5d为1次/d,后改为隔日1次,一般护理及禁忌.对照组予一般护理及禁忌.2组疗程均为30 d,比较2组临床疗效,观察2组治疗前后的积分情况及不良反应.结果 治疗组总有效率90％,对照组总有效率27.3％,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P＜0.01).2组总积分从治疗后均有下降,且与治疗前比较,P＜0.05或P＜0.01.治疗组治疗后总积分与对照组比较,P＜ 0.01.治疗组疗效指数优于对照组(P＜0.01).治疗组中不同分级痤疮患者之间疗效指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 中药面膜方治疗15 ～ 30岁痤疮患者,能有效减轻皮损严重程度、减少皮损数量及减轻皮肤自觉症状,对于不同程度分级的痤疮均有一定疗效.     

左室舒张性心衰患者左室舒张末期压力、肺毛细血管楔嵌压与N-末端脑钠肽前体的相关性研究

[摘要]　目的　探讨舒张性心衰患者血清N-末端前脑利钠肽（NT-proBNP）与左室舒张末期压力（LVEDP）、肺毛细血管楔嵌压(PCWP)的相关性及其在不同严重程度舒张性心衰患者中的诊断价值。　方法　心功能正常患者30例为正常组;心功能异常的患者60例为异常组,并按NYHA心功能分级分为3个亚组,Ⅰ~Ⅲ级各20例。采用6F猪尾导管测定LVEDP,经Swan-Ganz导管检查测定PCWP,电化学发光仪RocheElecsys 2010测定NT-proBNP。分析NT-proBNP与LVEDP、PCWP的相关性。　结果　　随着心功能级别增加,异常组血浆NT-proBNP、LVEDP、PCWP水平与正常组比较,显著升高(P<0.01)。直线相关分析表明LogNT-proBNP与LVEDP呈显著正相关(r=0.793,P<0.01)。LogNT-proBNP与PCWP亦呈显著正相关(r= 0.657,P<0.01)。　结论　血清NT-proBNP定量检测是左心室舒张功能受损的敏感指标,NT-proBNP对舒张性心衰严重程度具有明确的诊断价值。     

1例接种麻疹减毒活疫苗偶合幼儿急疹的调查报告

麻疹减毒活疫苗(简称麻疹疫苗,以下同)接种是预防控制乃至消除麻疹的核心内容和主要手段,然而,接种麻疹疫苗后个别儿童可能发生发热出疹性疾病并因此引发纠纷,此时的病因诊断常关系到临床医生的诊疗方案和患儿的病程预后,也会决定疑似预防接种异常反应的最终诊断和补偿结果。现将一起接种麻疹疫苗偶合出疹性疾病案例调查结果分析如下。     

自体富血小板凝胶治疗痛风石合并慢性溃疡的疗效观察

目的 观察自体富血小板凝胶（autologous platelet-rich gel,APG）治疗痛风石合并皮肤慢性溃疡的有效性和安全性。方法 4例痛风石合并慢性溃疡患者,经过伤口清创,清除坏死组织,刮除痛风石后,给予自体富血小板凝胶治疗。结果 4例患者经自体富血小板治疗（3例患者经过1次APG治疗,1例患者经过2次APG治疗）后,创面在8～22 d内均愈合,平均（13.7±6.8） d,没有明显不良反应。结论 采用APG治疗痛风石合并皮肤慢性溃疡,伤口愈合迅速,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

肺结核患者社区治疗管理调查分析

目的: 分析肺结核患者社区治疗管理情况,为进一步提高肺结核患者规则服药率、获得较好治疗转归提供科学依据。方法: 采用回顾性研究方法,选取2017年7月1日至2018年6月30日在北京市丰台区4家结核病定点医院诊断、治疗,并由25家社区卫生服务机构督导随访的228例已结案肺结核患者作为研究对象。收集社区卫生服务机构对患者开始督导、停止督导时间,定点医院记录的患者开始治疗、停止治疗时间,以及社区卫生服务机构和定点医院记录的复诊、中断治疗和药物不良反应发生情况;分析社区督导随访表和定点医院病历记录的以上信息的一致性。结果: 所有患者在社区接到督导通知后3个工作日内得到访视。患者的随访方式均为电话随访,督导人员均为家属。成功治疗203例(其中治愈60例,完成疗程143例),占89.0%。患者第1个月及第3~6个月的复诊率社区卫生服务机构记录分别为100.0%(228/228)、99.5%(221/222)、99.1%(215/217)、99.1% (209/211)、100.0%(209/209),定点医院病历记录分别为96.9%(221/228)、96.4%(214/222)、94.9%(205/216)、95.2%(198/208)、95.7%(198/207),差异均有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率检验,P值分别为0.016、0.036、0.004、0.004、0.004)。社区卫生机构督导记录中中途断药者9例(3.5%),定点医院记录中中途断药者20例(8.3%),差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率检验,P=0.014)。社区卫生机构记录发生药物不良反应者41例(18.0%),定点医院记录发生药物不良反应者68例(29.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.400,P=0.001)。70.2%(160/228)的患者在医院开始治疗5d内获得社区卫生机构督导服务,76.8%(175/228)的患者在定点医院停止治疗5d内社区卫生机构停止督导。结论: 肺结核患者在社区卫生服务机构和定点医院记录的复诊、断药和药物不良反应情况等信息不一致,应加强肺结核患者治疗和督导管理数据的信息化和双向传输,加强对结核病专科医院和定点医院信息录入、社区卫生服务机构患者随访的质量控制。