全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1169篇 |
免费 | 72篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 15篇 |
妇产科学 | 30篇 |
基础医学 | 137篇 |
口腔科学 | 39篇 |
临床医学 | 160篇 |
内科学 | 225篇 |
皮肤病学 | 42篇 |
神经病学 | 64篇 |
特种医学 | 9篇 |
外科学 | 100篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 233篇 |
眼科学 | 16篇 |
药学 | 83篇 |
中国医学 | 7篇 |
肿瘤学 | 60篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 26篇 |
2015年 | 39篇 |
2014年 | 44篇 |
2013年 | 51篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 88篇 |
2010年 | 43篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 76篇 |
2007年 | 88篇 |
2006年 | 70篇 |
2005年 | 64篇 |
2004年 | 93篇 |
2003年 | 65篇 |
2002年 | 69篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1941年 | 4篇 |
1940年 | 3篇 |
1928年 | 2篇 |
1927年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1241条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Gerard McMahon MSc Christopher I. Morse PhD Adrian Burden PhD Keith Winwood PhD Gladys Leopoldine Onambélé PhD 《Muscle & nerve》2014,49(1):108-119
Introduction: Modulation of muscle characteristics was attempted through altering muscle stretch during resistance training. We hypothesized that stretch would enhance muscle responses. Methods: Participants trained for 8 weeks, loading the quadriceps in a shortened (SL, 0–50° knee flexion; n = 10) or lengthened (LL, 40–90°; n = 11) position, followed by 4 weeks of detraining. Controls (CON; n = 10) were untrained. Quadriceps strength, vastus lateralis architecture, anatomical cross‐sectional area (aCSA), and serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) were measured at weeks 0, 8, 10, and 12. Results: Increases in fascicle length (29 ± 4% vs. 14 ± 4%), distal aCSA (53 ± 12% vs. 18 ± 8%), strength (26 ± 6% vs. 7 ± 3%), and IGF‐1 (31 ± 6% vs. 7 ± 6%) were greater in LL compared with SL muscles (P < 0.05). No changes occurred in CON. Detraining decrements in strength and aCSA were greater in SL than LL muscles (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Enhanced muscle in vivo (and somewhat IGF‐1) adaptations to resistance training are concurrent with muscle stretch, which warrants its inclusion within training. Muscle Nerve 49 : 108–119, 2014 相似文献
42.
Elizabeth M. Widen Gladys Strain Wendy C. King Wenwen Yu Susan Lin Bret Goodpaster John Thornton Anita Courcoulas Alfons Pomp Dympna Gallagher 《Obesity surgery》2014,24(6):847-854
Background
Few studies have validated bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) following bariatric surgery.Methods
We examined agreement of BIA (Tanita 310) measures of total body water (TBW) and percent body fat (%fat) before (T0) and 12 months (T12) after bariatric surgery, and change between T0 and T12 with reference measures: deuterium oxide dilution for TBW and three-compartment model (3C) for %fat in a subset of participants (n?=?50) of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2.Results
T0 to T12 median (IQR) change in deuterium TBW and 3C %fat was ?6.4 L (6.4 L) and ?14.8 % (13.4 %), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between deuterium and BIA determined TBW [median (IQR) difference: T0 ?0.1 L (7.1 L), p?=?0.75; T12 0.2 L (5.7 L), p?=?0.35; Δ 0.35 L(6.3 L), p?=?1.0]. Compared with 3C, BIA underestimated %fat at T0 and T12 [T0 ?3.3 (5.6), p?<?0.001; T12 ?1.7 (5.2), p?=?0.04] but not change [0.7 (8.2), p?=?0.38]. Except for %fat change, Bland-Altman plots indicated no proportional bias. However, 95 % limits of agreement were wide (TBW 15–22 L, %fat 19–20 %).Conclusions
BIA may be appropriate for evaluating group level response among severely obese adults. However, clinically meaningful differences in the accuracy of BIA between individuals exist. 相似文献43.
Mary Beth Spitznagel Michael Alosco Rachel Galioto Gladys Strain Michael Devlin Robyn Sysko Ross D. Crosby James E. Mitchell John Gunstad 《Obesity surgery》2014,24(7):1078-1084
Background
Cognitive dysfunction is associated with reduced postoperative weight loss up to 2 years following surgery, though the role of cognition at more extended follow-up is not yet understood. Thirty-six months following bariatric surgery, we retrospectively compared obese and non-obese patients on 12-week postoperative cognitive performance. We hypothesized that early postoperative cognitive dysfunction would predict higher body mass index (BMI) and lower percent weight loss (%WL) in the total sample at 36 month follow-up.Materials and Methods
Fifty-five individuals undergoing bariatric surgery completed cognitive testing at preoperative baseline and serial postoperative timepoints, including 12 weeks and 36 months. Cognitive test scores were normed for demographic variables. Percent weight loss (%WL) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated at 36-month follow-up.Results
Adjusting for gender, baseline cognitive function, and 12-week %WL, 12-week global cognitive test performance predicted 36 month postoperative %WL and BMI. Partial correlations revealed recognition memory, working memory, and generativity were most strongly related to weight loss.Conclusion
Cognitive function shortly after bariatric surgery is closely linked to extended postoperative weight loss at 36 months. Further work is necessary to clarify mechanisms underlying the relationship between weight loss, durability, and cognitive function, including contribution of adherence, as this may ultimately help identify individuals in need of tailored interventions to optimize postoperative weight loss. 相似文献44.
Globally more women have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and are more likely to be stigmatized than men, especially in male-dominant societies. Gender differences in the experience of HIV-related stigma, however, have not been extensively explored. Researchers investigate the gender differences in HIV/AIDS-related stigma experiences here. Interviews were conducted with eight HIV patients and their nine discordant family members in Ghana. Our findings include gender differences in disclosure and response to HIV/AIDS diagnosis. The negative impact of HIV-related stigma was found to be more extensive for women than for men. Our findings may be used to facilitate an awareness and understanding through which supportive interventions can be implemented. 相似文献
45.
Lylian Kazumi Kanashiro Julissa Janet Robles-Ruíz Ana Lidia Ciamponi Igor Studart Medeiros Gladys Cristina Dominguez Solange Mongelli de Fantini 《The Angle orthodontist》2014,84(1):171
Objective:To determine the influence of two adhesion boosters on shear bond strength and on the bond failure location of indirectly bonded brackets.Materials and Methods:Sixty bovine incisors were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20), and their buccal faces were etched using 37% phosphoric acid. In group 1 (control), brackets were indirectly bonded using only Sondhi adhesive. In groups 2 and 3, the adhesion boosters Enhance Adhesion Booster and Assure Universal Bonding Resin, respectively, were applied before bonding with Sondhi. Maximum bond strength was measured with a universal testing machine, and the location of bond failure was evaluated using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). One-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (P < .05) was used to compare the shear bond strength among groups, and the differences in ARI scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < .05). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine whether there was any correlation between bond strength and ARI scores.Results:The mean shear bond strength in group 3 was significantly higher (P < .01) than in the other groups. Evaluation of the locations of bond failure revealed differences (P < .05) among the three groups. There was a moderate correlation between bond strength and ARI scores within group 3 (r = 0.5860, P < .01).Conclusion:In vitro shear bond strength was acceptable in all groups. The use of the Assure adhesion booster significantly increased both the shear bond strength of indirectly bonded brackets and the amount of adhesive that remained on the enamel after bracket debonding. 相似文献
46.
Kholoud K. Khoja Melanie-Jayne R. Howes Robert Hider Paul A. Sharp Iain W. Farrell Gladys O. Latunde-Dada 《Nutrients》2022,14(4)
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae), is a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals, which explains its traditional use for a variety of metabolic disorders including cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate extracts of fenugreek seeds and sprouts, and some of their constituents, to compare their cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The extracts were chemically characterised using high-resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to reveal the detection of compounds assigned as flavone C-glycosides including those derived from apigenin and luteolin, in addition to isoflavones. Five different flavones or their glycosides (apigenin, vicenin-2, vitexin, luteolin and orientin) and two isoflavones (daidzein and formononetin) were quantified in the fenugreek extracts. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using MCF-7 cells treated with fenugreek methanolic extracts showed dose- and time-dependent effects on cell viability. The MCF-7 cancer cells treated with the fenugreek methanolic extracts also displayed increased relative mitochondrial DNA damage as well as suppressed metastasis and proliferation. This study demonstrates the potential anti-cancer effects of fenugreek seeds and sprouts and reveals fenugreek sprouts as an untapped resource for bioactive compounds. 相似文献
47.
48.
49.
Felix G. Meinel Julian L. Wichmann U. Joseph Schoepf Francesca Pugliese Ullrich Ebersberger Gladys G. Lo Yeon Hyeon Choe Yining Wang Christian Tesche Sabrina Segreto Wolfgang G. Kunz Kolja M. Thierfelder Fabian Bamberg Carlo N. De Cecco 《Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography》2017,11(1):16-24
Background
There is no published data on the prognostic value of global myocardial perfusion values at stress dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CTMPI).Methods
Data of 144 patients from 6 centers who had undergone coronary CT angiography (coronary CTA) and CTMPI were assessed. Coronary CTA studies were acquired at rest; CTMPI was performed under vasodilator stress. Coronary CTA data were evaluated for coronary artery stenosis (≥50% luminal narrowing) on a per-vessel basis. Volumes-of-interest were placed over the entire left ventricular myocardium to obtain global myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial blood volume (MBV), and volume transfer constant (Ktrans). Follow-up was obtained at 6/12/18 months. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE, defined as cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring hospitalization, and revascularization) served as the endpoint.Results
MACE occurred in 40 patients (nonfatal myocardial infarction, n = 1, unstable angina, n = 13, PCI, n = 23, and CABG, n = 3). Patients with global MBF of <121 mL/100 mL/min were at increased risk for MACE (HR 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–3.84, p = 0.02). This association remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, and clinical risk factors (HR 2.17, 95%CI: 1.16–4.06, p = 0.02), after further adjusting for presence of ≥50% stenosis at coronary CTA (HR 2.18, 95%CI: 1.16–4.10, p = 0.02) and when excluding early (<6 months) revascularizations (HR 2.34, 95%CI: 1.01–5.43, p = 0.0486). Global MBV and Ktrans were not independent predictors of MACE.Conclusion
Global quantification of left ventricular MBF at stress dynamic CTMPI may have incremental predictive value for future MACE over clinical risk factors and assessment of stenosis at coronary CTA. 相似文献50.
Lumbosacral epidural lipomatosis: MRI grading 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lumbosacral epidural lipomatosis (LEL) is characterized by excessive deposition of epidural fat (EF). The purpose of our retrospective
study was to quantify normal and pathologic amounts of EF in order to develop a reproducible MRI grading of LEL. In this study
of 2528 patients (1095 men and 1433 women; age range 18–84 years, mean age 47.3 years) we performed a retrospective analysis
of MRI exams. We obtained four linear measurements at the axial plane parallel and tangent to the superior end plate of S1
vertebral body: antero-posterior diameter of dural sac (A-Pd DuS), A-Pd of EF, located ventrally and dorsally to the DuS,
and A-Pd of the spinal canal (Spi C). We calculated (a) DuS/EF index and (b) EF/Spi C index. We developed the following MRI
grading of LEL: normal, grade 0: DuS/EF index ≥1.5, EF/Spi C index ≤40%; LEL grade I: DuS/EF index 1.49–1, EF/Spi C index
41–50% (mild EF overgrowth); LEL grade II: DuS/EF index 0.99–0.34, EF/Spi C index 51–74% (moderate EF overgrowth); LEL grade
III: DuS/EF index ≤0.33, EF/Spi C index ≥75% (severe EF overgrowth). The MRI exams were evaluated independently by three readers.
Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were obtained by calculating Kappa statistics. The MRI grading showed the following
distribution: grade 0, 2003 patients (79.2%); LEL grade I, 308 patients (12.2%); LEL grade II, 165 patients (6.5%); and LEL
grade III, 52 patients (2.1%). The kappa coefficients for intra- and interobserver agreement in a four-grade classification
system were substantial to excellent: intraobserver, kappa range 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65–0.93] to 0.82 (95%
CI, 0.70–0.95); interobserver, kappa range 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62–0.91) to 0.85 (95% CI, 0.73–0.97). In LEL grade I, there were
no symptomatic cases due to fat hypertrophy. LEL grade II was symptomatic in only 24 cases (14.5%). In LEL grade III, all
cases were symptomatic. A subgroup of 22 patients (42.3%) showed other substantial spinal pathologies (e.g., disk herniation).
By means of simple reproducible measurements and indexes MRI grading enables a distinction between mild, moderate, and severe
EF hypertrophy. Kappa statistics indicate that LEL can be reliably classified into a four-grade system by experienced observers. 相似文献