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101.
Arguably, Australia's most significant judicial pronouncement on the human rights of those with mental illnesses was made in 2009 by Justice Bell, the then President of the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (“VCAT”). The decision is an exhaustive analysis of the application of the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) to the involuntary status of a person subject to a community treatment order in Victoria. It occurred in the context of delays in the conduct of reviews of the status of a mentally ill person by Victoria's Mental Health Review Board (“the Board”). The outcome of the hearing was a declaration that the Board had breached the person's human rights to a fair hearing, even though the person's involuntary status on a community treatment order was not disturbed by VCAT. Whilst some important aspects of Justice Bell's decision concerning the general methodology to be applied when analysing human rights were overturned in the subsequent Court of Appeal decision of R v Momcilovic [2010] VSCA 50, the latter decision did not concern mental health and so leaves Kracke as the most detailed articulation and analysis of human rights within this difficult sphere. 相似文献
102.
Arg-Gly-Asp-dependent occupancy of GPIIb/IIIa by applaggin: evidence for internalization and cycling of a platelet integrin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy we examined the distribution and cycling of GPIIb/IIIa after binding to applaggin, a high-affinity Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)--containing ligand. Resting, unfixed platelets were incubated with applaggin for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, and bound applaggin was detected by an affinity-purified rabbit anti- applaggin antibody. Examination of intact cells showed a rim pattern for applaggin, consistent with its binding to the platelet surface. Staining of Triton X-100--permeabilized cells showed an intracellular pool of applaggin. Competition of applaggin binding by either AP-2, an anti-GPIIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that blocks fibrinogen binding, or the synthetic peptide RGDW eliminated both surface and intracellular staining, indicating that applaggin is binding to GPIIb/IIIa in an RGD-dependent manner. Inhibition of platelet activation by PGE1 and theophylline had no effect on the observed staining patterns, indicating that cellular activation is not required for surface binding and subsequent internalization. To evaluate whether occupancy of functional binding sites on GPIIb/IIIa is required for internalization, we used mAb15, an anti-GPIIIa antibody that neither blocks fibrinogen binding nor induces the expression of ligand-induced binding sites on GPIIb/IIIa. In these studies mAb15 was internalized in a manner analogous to both AP-2 and applaggin, showing that occupancy of the RGD binding site is not required to initiate receptor internalization. To estimate the size of the newly internalized pool of applaggin, 125I-applaggin--binding studies were performed. Displacement of bound 125I-applaggin by excess unlabeled applaggin or EDTA showed that at least 17% of bound applaggin was nondisplaceable when binding was performed under conditions permitting membrane flow and internalization. These data indicate that GPIIb/IIIa is internalized in unstimulated platelets independent of cellular activation or occupancy of the functional binding site(s) of GPIIb/IIIa by RGD-containing ligands. Thus, internalization of GPIIb/IIIa may represent a mechanism by which the surface expression of this adhesion receptor is regulated. 相似文献
103.
HIV/AIDS and intimate partner violence: intersecting women's health issues in the United States 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gielen AC Ghandour RM Burke JG Mahoney P McDonnell KA O'Campo P 《Trauma, violence & abuse》2007,8(2):178-198
This article reviews 35 U.S. studies on the intersection of HIV and adult intimate partner violence (IPV). Most studies describe rates of IPV among women at risk or living with HIV/AIDS and identify correlates, using multiple types of convenience samples (e.g., women in methadone treatment, women in shelters or clinics), cross-sectional designs, and self-reported risk behaviors. HIV-positive women appear to experience any IPV at rates comparable to HIV-negative women from the same underlying populations; however, their abuse seems to be more frequent and more severe. The authors found only four relevant interventions and none addressed sexually transmitted HIV and partner violence risk reduction simultaneously. There is a critical need for research on (a) causal pathways and cumulative effects of the syndemic issues of violence, HIV, and substance abuse and (b) interventions that target IPV victims at risk for HIV, as well as HIV-positive women who may be experiencing IPV. 相似文献
104.
Interleukin-3, GM-CSF, and TPA induce distinct phosphorylation events in an interleukin 3-dependent multipotential cell line 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The mechanism of action of the hemopoietic growth factor, murine interleukin-3 (mIL-3), was investigated using an mIL-3-dependent multipotential hematopoietic cell line, B6SUtA1. Murine granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) was as potent as mIL-3 in stimulating these cells. In addition, sodium orthovanadate, an inhibitor of phosphotyrosine phosphatase, and 12-O-tetradecanoyl- phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a known activator of protein kinase C, also stimulated DNA synthesis in these cells, suggesting that protein phosphorylation might be involved in the mechanism of action of mIL-3 and mGM-CSF. To assess this possibility, intact B6SUtA1 cells exposed for brief periods to mIL-3, mGM-CSF, and TPA were analyzed for changes in phosphorylation patterns using metabolic 32P-labeling and antibodies to phosphotyrosine. Both mIL-3 and mGM-CSF induced the serine-specific phosphorylation of a 68-Kd cytosolic protein, whereas all three agents stimulated the serine-specific phosphorylation of a 68-Kd membrane protein. Furthermore, mIL-3 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the 68-Kd membrane protein, as well as of 140-, 90-, 55, and 40-Kd proteins. The 90-Kd protein was also tyrosine phosphorylated in response to mGM-CSF. These phosphotyrosine containing proteins were not detected in TPA-treated cells. These results indicate that protein phosphorylations on tyrosine and serine residues occur in B6SUtA1 cells following short-term incubation with mIL-3 or mGM-CSF and that most of these phosphorylation events are mediated by kinases other than protein kinase C (PkC). 相似文献
105.
BDSS Budagoda KAS Kodikara WKS Kularatne RM Mudiyanse DH Edussuriya JP Edirisinghe IP Karunaratne KGAD Weerakoon SC Medagedara SAM Kularatne 《Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine》2010,3(7):586-588
The sting of Giant Asian honeybee (Apis dorsata) or Bambara in Sinhala and Karunge Kulavi in Tamil is a common environmental hazard in Sri Lanka known to cause immediate allergic reactions, which could be fatal in sensitized individuals. We reported myocardial infarction, bowel gangrene and fatal anaphylaxis in a prospectively proven case series and the association of these uncommon complications with delayed removal of stingers from the patients' skin. 相似文献
106.
107.
H. A. H. Jongen J. J. van der Gon Denier C. C. A. M. Gielen 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1989,74(3):555-562
Summary Perceived motion may be a stimulus for anticipatory slow eye movements. To test this possibility, the production of anticipatory slow eye movements in humans was studied using apparent motion stimuli. Short range apparent motion was produced with random dot stimuli and the anticipatory slow eye movements were isolated from the smooth pursuit responses by occasionally including trials in which the random dot stimulus did not appear. Long range apparent motion was produced with subjective contour stimuli. Both short range and long range apparent motion were found to be effective stimuli for anticipatory slow eye movements. The prominence of perceived motion was altered by changing the spatiotemporal displacement intervals in the short range apparent motion stimuli. Changing the subjective contours also changed the motion percepts of the long range apparent motion stimuli. With both stimuli, the peak anticipatory slow eye velocities that were achieved decreased as the prominence of the motion percepts decreased, while the timecourse of the anticipatory responses were similar under the different conditions. These findings indicate that the expectation of perceived motion is necessary for anticipatory slow eye movements.Supported by research grant EY03387 from the National Eye Institute 相似文献
108.
A model is presented which incorporates several data from the literature on isolated parts of the peripheral auditory nervous system into a coherent model. The usefulness of the model lies in the fact that it describes the functional properties of eighth nerve fibres and dorsal medullary nucleus neurons in response to monaural stimuli. The components are: a middle ear filter, transduction and tuning of the haircell, short-term adaptation, event generation with refractory properties, and coincidence detection. In a previous paper [Van Stokkum (1987), Hear. Res. 29, 223-235] a class of dorsal medullary nucleus neurons was described, which preferred fast intensity changes. Using a coincidence detection mechanism the proposed model reproduces the same preference. Variation of the parameters of the model successfully reproduces the range of response patterns which have been obtained from eighth nerve fibres and dorsal medullary nucleus neurons. With one set of parameters the output of the model in response to a set of spectrally and temporally structured stimuli qualitatively resembles the response of a single neuron. In this way the responses to the different stimuli are synthesized into a framework, which functionally describes the neuron. 相似文献
109.
K-Ⅱ系k阿片激动剂U-50488的同类物。通过部分离体和整体实验比较了K-Ⅱ与U-50488的药理作用。实验发现,K-Ⅱ抑制电刺激兔输精管收缩的IC50值为0.42 nmol/L,U-50488为26.5 nmol/L;K-Ⅱ抑制小鼠运动功能(横筛法)的ED50值为1.7 mg/g,U-50488为15.3 mg/kg;K-Ⅱ的小鼠LD50值为152.5 mg/kg,U-50488为118.4 mg/g;K-Ⅱ明显降低小鼠自发活动的作用比U-50488强5倍。结果表明,K-Ⅱ是一个药理作用较U-50488强的k受体激动剂。 相似文献
110.