探讨糖调节受损与颈动脉中膜厚度的关系及意义

目的：探讨糖调节受损（IGR）患者颈动脉中膜厚度（IMT）增加的危险因素。方法：统计76例IGR患者及51例正常糖耐量（NGT）人的年龄、性别、体质量、血压、测空腹血糖、餐后2小时血浆血糖（OGTT）、空腹甘油三酯、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）,并计算体重指数,检测颈动脉中膜厚度（IMT）值。分析不同IGR患者IMT值的差异性。结果：IGT组及IFG＋IGT组IMT分别与IFG组及NGT组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）,其他各组比较无显著差异。年龄、收缩压、TC、LDL—C、2hPG是IMT的危险因素。结论：与NGT组比较,IGT组、IFG＋IGT组患者早期已存在明显的动脉粥样硬化（AS）及与之相关的危险因素。     

Diagnosis of fetal parvovirus B19 infection: value of virological assays in fetal specimens

Objective  The purpose of our work was to examine the most reliable laboratory diagnosis of fetal parvovirus B19 infection in hydropic fetuses by evaluating the most appropriate clinical sample and laboratory test.
Design  B19 DNA detection in fetal samples and serological signs of B19 infection in the respective mothers. Samples collected between January 2000 and July 2008.
Setting  Microbiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Samples One hundred thirty-five fetal samples (58 fetal cord blood and 77 amniotic fluid samples) and 109 serum samples collected from 109 pregnant women.
Methods  Validated and certified in situ hybridisation assay (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) were performed on fetal samples to detect B19 DNA. B19-specific antibodies were investigated in maternal serum samples by a commercial enzyme immunoassay.
Main outcome measures  Parvovirus B19 DNA detection in fetal specimens was analysed in relation to maternal serological signs of infection.
Results  Parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in 22.41% of fetal cord blood and 36.36% of amniotic fluid samples. A statistically significant difference was found between DNA detection by ISH (23.70%) and PCR-ELISA (14.81%) ( P = 0.004). Only 11.76% of fetuses with virological diagnosis of B19 infection were from women with serological signs of acute/recent B19 infection.
Conclusions  Diagnosis of fetal parvovirus B19 infection cannot always rely on maternal serological investigations but rather on the virological analysis of fetal samples. Both fetal cord blood and amniotic fluid samples are suitable for diagnosis, but the detection of B19 DNA in the cells of amniotic fluid samples by ISH proved to be the most reliable diagnostic system.