Rhabdomyosarcoma and rhabdomyoma associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: Local treatment strategy

This article presents the case of a child presenting with a rhabdomyosarcoma associated with a fetal rhabdomyoma in the setting of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Oncologic strategy is discussed.     

Examination of the latent factor structure and construct validity of the stigma of suicide scale-short form

A major limitation of research on attitudes toward suicide is that most measures lack evidence of a stable factor structure. To investigate the structure of recently developed stigma of suicide scale-short form (SOSS-SF), we conducted an exploratory factor analysis in a sample of 499 undergraduates. Results revealed a three-factor structure: Stigma, Isolation/Depression, and Glorification/Normalization. We also identified good convergent and discriminant validity between the SOSS-SF and related constructs. In a separate sample of 570 undergraduates, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated adequate fit for the three-factor model. In addition, a multiple-group CFA demonstrated invariance across gender.     

The effect of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion on sleep architecture: an exploratory risk study in healthy young adults

Maxillary transverse deficiencies (MTD) cause malocclusions. Rapid maxillary expansion treatment is commonly used treatment for correcting such deficiencies and has been found to be effective in improving respiration and sleep architecture in children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, thus far, the effect of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) treatment on sleep architecture and breathing of normal subjects has not been assessed. We hypothesised that sleep quality will improve after maxillary expansion treatment. The objective of this study is to access the effect of maxillary expansion treatment on sleep structure and respiratory functions in healthy young adults with severe MTD. This is a prospective and exploratory clinical study. Twenty‐eight consecutive young adult patients (15 males and 13 females, mean age 20·6 ± 5·8 years) presenting with severe MTD at the orthodontic examination were recruited into the study. All the participants underwent a standardised SARME procedure (mean expansion 6·5 ± 1·8 and 8·2 ± 1·8 mm, intercanine and intermolar distance, respectively) to correct malocclusion caused by MTD. An overnight in‐laboratory polysomnography, before and after the treatment, was performed. The mean follow‐up time was 9 months. The main outcome parameters were the changes in sleep architecture, including sleep stages, arousals, slow‐wave activity (SWA) and respiratory variables. Before surgery, young adult patients with MTD presented no evidence of sleep breathing problems. At baseline sleep recording, 7 of 28 (25%) had apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥ 5 events per hour. No negative effect of the SARME was observed in questionnaires or sleep laboratory parameters. In the patients with a higher baseline AHI (AHI ≥ 5 h of sleep), we observed a reduction in AHI after surgical treatment (P = 0·028). SARME did not have a negative effect on any sleep or respiration parameters in healthy young individuals with MTD. It normalised the breathing index in the patients with a mild AHI index.     

Impact of home oxygen therapy on hospital stay for infants with acute bronchiolitis

Acute bronchiolitis has been associated with an increasing hospitalization rate over the past decades. The aim of this paper was to estimate the impact of home oxygen therapy (HOT) on hospital stay for infants with acute bronchiolitis. A retrospective cohort study was done including all children aged ??12?months discharged from a pediatric tertiary-care center with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis, between November 2007 and March 2008. Oxygen was administered according to a standardized protocol. We assumed children with the following criteria could have been sent home with O₂, instead of being kept in hospital: age ??2?months, distance between home and hospital <50?km, in-hospital observation ??24?h, O₂ requirement ??1.0?L/min, stable clinical condition, no enteral tube feeding, and intravenous fluids <50?mL/kg/day. Children with significant underlying disease were excluded. A total of 177 children were included. Median age was 2.0?months (range 0?C11), and median length of stay was 3.0?days (range 0?C18). Forty-eight percent of patients (85/177) received oxygen during their hospital stay. Criteria for discharge with HOT were met in 7.1?% of patients, a mean of 1.8?days (SD 1.8) prior to real discharge. The number of patient-days of hospitalization which would have been saved had HOT been available was 21, representing 3.0?% of total patient-days of hospitalization for bronchiolitis over the study period (21/701). Conclusions: In this study setting, few children were eligible for an early discharge with HOT. Home oxygen therapy would not significantly decrease the overall burden of hospitalization for bronchiolitis.