Caries Prevalence in Head Start Children, 1986–87

Since the early 1970s, caries prevalence among school-aged children in the United States has declined. It appears that a small percentage of the children experience most of the caries increment. In addition, a large proportion of children in the US who need dental care receive it. An important factor in the amount of treatment received by children is the socioeconomic status of the family. Data on caries prevalence among preschool populations are limited. The Head Start program serves low-income families in the US and offers a unique opportunity to look at individuals who may be at greater risk of health problems and may experience less access to health services. A survey of 1,796 three- to five-year old Head Start children from low-income families was conducted in 1986-87. Caries prevalence, baby bottle tooth decay prevalence and relative need for dental care are reported for fluoridated and non fluoridated communities in California, Hawaii, and Micronesia. The data reveal scores that are higher in the sample population than in five-year-olds in national surveys and among Head Start children in previous surveys.     

Active learning in nursing education (ALINE): New model for teaching and learning

Traditional teaching and learning pedagogical models do not adequately address the needs of students and often present substantial barriers to incorporating the benefits of technology enhanced learning. Active learning in nursing education (ALINE) is a practical teaching and learning model that: (a) provides a well-defined framework for accurate assessment of learning outcomes/objectives by requiring each outcome and/or objective be linked to an identified primary nursing competency; (b) identifies and defines the core components of a course (elements, objects and modules) and provides a framework for development of each of the components; (c) requires active learning principles be applied to every action taken by the learner throughout the course. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the ALINE learning model and the first virtual conference on aging that was held between 21 April to 2 May 2003.     

The role of infiltrating lymphocytes in the neo-adjuvant treatment of women with HER2-positive breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment - Pre-treatment tumour-associated lymphocytes (TILs) and stromal lymphocytes (SLs) are independent predictive markers of future pathological complete response...