Interferon-alpha stimulates production of interleukin-10 in activated CD4+ T cells and monocytes

In the present study, we investigated the effect of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA and protein synthesis in human monocytes and CD4+ T cells. In mononuclear cells, IFN-alpha induced expression of IL-10 mRNA and further enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated IL-10 expression. In purified monocytes, a strong expression of IL-10 mRNA induced by LPS was not further enhanced by IFN-alpha. In highly purified CD4+ T cells, IFN- alpha upregulated IL-10 mRNA upon activation with phytohemagglutinin and phorbol myristate acetate. In purified monocytes, an effect of IFN- alpha on IL-10 protein synthesis was dependent on costimulation with LPS. Maximal stimulation of IL-10 protein by IFN-alpha was seen after prolonged incubation periods of 48 to 96 hours, whereas IFN-gamma reduced IL-10 production in the early incubation period. Similar effects of IFN-alpha were observed in CD4+ T cells activated with CD3 and CD28 monoclonal antibodies. Addition of IFN-alpha caused an increase of IL-10 in culture supernatants of activated T-helper cells of more than 100% after 96 hours of incubation. In contrast, other cytokines, including IFN-gamma and IL-4, had no influence on IL-10 secretion stimulated by CD3 and CD28 in CD4+ T cells. In serum samples of IFN-alpha-treated individuals, we failed to detect an influence of cytokine treatment on IL-10 serum levels, confirming the requirement of additional activating signals for IFN-alpha-mediated effects on IL-10 synthesis. In conclusion, IFN-alpha enhances the late induction of IL- 10, which physiologically occurs upon stimulation of monocytes and T cells. Biologically, this effect might enhance the negative-feedback mechanism ascribed to IL-10, which limits inflammatory reactions.     

The relationship between antioxidant supplements and oxidative stress in renal transplant recipients: a review

Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have elevated oxidative stress and a high incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although recent studies do not support the use of antioxidant supplements as a cardioprotectant in the general population, evidence suggests that RTRs may represent individuals that would benefit from this therapy. RTRs have elevated oxidative stress probably caused by the immunosuppressive therapy, and although only a small number of studies have examined the effects of antioxidant supplementation in these patients, most have reported beneficial findings. This review discusses these studies along with the rationale for the use of antioxidant supplements in RTRs and a call for more research to investigate this important topic.     

WHO生存质量评估简表的等价性评价

目的评价WHO生存质量评估简表(WHOQOL-BREF)在13个国家的等价性。方法采用多组验证性因子分析方法,对世界卫生组织生存质量研究小组提供的13个国家的数据进行分析,评价WHOQOL-BREF不同国家的等价性。结果各个国家的各个领域的Cronbachα系数均大于0·7,分布在0·7至0·88之间。除了英国和挪威之外,其它国家的社会关系领域的Cronbachα系数均大于0·65。采用根据世界卫生组织生存质量研究小组研制量表时构建的四因子模型对数据分别进行拟合,拟合优度指数(CFI)均大于0·8,其中德国、西班牙和美国的拟合优度指数大于0·9。多组验证性因子分析发现模型拟合尚可,CFI等于0·88,各个国家的因子负荷不全相等,因子负荷的轮廓相似。结论WHOQOL-BREF在13个国家具有相同的因子结构,且有等价性。     

针式腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的临床应用

目的 与开腹胆囊切除术相比,腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）有减少术后不适和较少的创作,但仍有改进的余地。方法：为进一步减轻手术创伤,我们引进了针式腹间胆囊切除术,共２９例。结果 平均手术时间为７５分钟,１９例当天出院,１０例隔天出院,其中１例是胆总管探查。结论 针式航空 镜胆囊切除术是一种可靠的技术。     

Long‐term effects of rapid weight gain in children,adolescents and young adults with appropriate birth weight for gestational age: the kiel obesity prevention study

Aim: This study investigates the effect of rapid weight gain in term children, adolescents and young adults born appropriate for gestational age. Methods: In all, 173 girls and 178 boys aged 6.1–19.9 (12.5 ± 3.1)years participated. Rapid weight gain (group 1) was defined as a change in weight‐SDS (standard deviation score) from birth till two years >0.67, ‘no change’ as ≥?0.67 and ≤0.67 (group 2) vs ‘slow weight gain’ as 90th age‐/sex‐specific BMI‐percentile was defined as overweight. Parental BMI, socio‐economic status and lifestyle were assessed as confounders. Results: A total of 22.8% gained weight rapidly, and 15.7% was overweight. Group 1 compared with group 2 and 3 subjects was taller, heavier and had a higher prevalence of overweight (girls/boys: 26.2%/28.9% vs 11.6%/19.0% vs 2.8%/5.0%; p < 0.01/p < 0.05). Concomitantly, a higher WC, %FM and FFM were observed. Rapid weight gain was positively associated with REE (adjusted for FFM) in boys (r = 0.26; p < 0.01), but not with cardio‐metabolic risk factors. Conclusion: Rapid weight gain was related to increases in height, weight, a higher prevalence of overweight and central fat distribution. In addition, rapid weight gain was related to a higher REE in boys, but not to cardio‐metabolic risk factors.