Maternal-fetal status of copper,iron, molybdenum,selenium and zinc in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies

Objective The objective was to assess the status of essential trace elements such as copper, iron, molybdenum, selenium and zinc in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies at term and to compare the data with a control group. Fetal-maternal ratios of the elements and copper:zinc ratio were also computed in the control and study populations.Methodology Samples from maternal vein, umbilical artery and umbilical vein of diabetic and control women were collected at the time of spontaneous delivery or cesarean section and activities of trace elements evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results Cu, Fe, Mo, Se and Zn concentrations in maternal venous blood averaged 2,156, 2,020, 13, 102 and 656 g/l in control women (n=17) while in the diabetic group (n=14), the corresponding values for the trace elements averaged 3,135, 3,675, 15, 85 and 628 g/l respectively. Values for copper and molybdenum were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the study group compared to control while those of zinc, iron and selenium were not significantly different (p>0.05). Iron and molybdenum values were significantly higher (p<0.05) and that of zinc significantly lower (p<0.05) in umbilical arterial samples of diabetic group compared to controls. In the case of molybdenum, copper the values were significantly higher (p<0.05) in umbilical venous samples of diabetic group compared to that of control. Significant differences in Cu:Zn ratio of maternal venous and umbilical samples and fetal-maternal ratios of some elements were noted between control and study group as well.Conclusion We speculate that altered status of some essential trace elements and altered antioxidant mineral ratio observed in insulin dependent diabetic patients could have deleterious influences on the health of the mother as well as the fetus and newborn.     

Risk of cancer incidence and mortality associated with diabetes: A systematic review with trend analysis of 203 cohorts

AimWhether the relative risk of cancer incidence and mortality associated with diabetes has changed over time is unknown.Data synthesisOn August 12th, 2020, we electronically searched for observational studies reporting on the association between diabetes and cancer. We estimated temporal trends in the relative risk of cancer incidence or mortality associated with diabetes and calculated the ratio of relative risk (RRR) comparing different periods. As many as 193 eligible articles, reporting data on 203 cohorts (56,852,381 participants; 3,735,564 incident cancer cases; 185,404 cancer deaths) and covering the period 1951–2013, were included. The relative risk of all–site cancer incidence increased between 1980 and 2000 [RRR 1990 vs.1980: (1.24; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.34); 2000 vs.1990: (1.23; 1.15, 1.31)] and stabilised thereafter at a relative risk of 1.2; the relative risk of all–site cancer mortality was constant at about 1.2 from 1980 to 2010. Both magnitudes and trends in relative risk varied across cancer sites: the relative risk of colorectal, female breast, and endometrial cancer incidence and pancreatic cancer mortality was constant during the observed years; it increased for bladder, stomach, kidney, and pancreatic cancer incidence until 2000; and decreased for liver while increased for prostate, colon and gallbladder cancer incidence after 2000.ConclusionsAlongside the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the temporal patterns of the relative risk of cancer associated with diabetes may have contributed to the current burden of cancer in people with diabetes.     

Examiner Position in Ocular Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Proposed Technique

BackgroundOcular point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a fast and safe non-invasive procedure used to evaluate the structural integrity and pathology of the eye. Ocular POCUS can be used for evaluation of posterior chamber and orbital pathology, including retinal detachment, vitreous detachment or hemorrhage, foreign body, lens dislocation, and increased intracranial pressure.DiscussionThe purpose of this brief communication is to describe a technique for conducting an ocular POCUS that may in some cases be easier and more comfortable by adjusting the position of the sonographer relative to the patient.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this proposed technique has not been described in previous literature and may result in greater comfort for both sonographer and patient.     

Three-dimensional localization of impacted canines and root resorption assessment using cone beam computed tomography

Summary： The purpose of this study was to develop a new way to localize the impacted canines from three dimensions and to investigate the root resorption of the adjacent teeth by using cone beam computed tomography （CBCT）. Forty-six patients undergoing orthodontic treatments and having impacted canines in Tongii Hospital were examined. The images of CBCT scans were obtained from KaVo 3D exam vision. Angular and linear measurements of the cusp tip and root apex according to the three planes （mid-sagittal, occlusal and frontal） have been taken using the cephalometric tool of the InVivo Dental Anatomage Version 5.1.10. The measurements of the angular and linear coordinates of the maxillary and mandibular canines were obtained. Using this technique the operators could envision the location of the impacted canine according to the three clinical planes. Adjacent teeth root resorption.of 28.26 % was in the upper lateral incisors while 17.39% in upper central incisors, but no lower root resorption was found in our samples. Accurate and reliable localization of the impacted canines could be obtained from the novel analysis system, which offers a better surgical and orthodontic treatment for the patients with impacted canines.