Electrochemotherapy significantly inhibits the growth of colon 26 tumors in mice

Electrochemotherapy is a novel antitumor treatment involving the systemic administration of bleomycin followed by the delivery of electrical pulses to the tumor. The present study investigates the effects of electrochemotherapy on the growth of colon 26 cells inoculated subcutaneously into the backs of BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into the following four experimental groups: 20 that received no further treatment after the inoculation of colon 26 cells (control group); 20 that received 500 μg of bleomycin intraperitoneally 7 and 9 days after the inoculation (BLM group); 20 that received electric pulses to the tumor 7 and 9 days after the inoculation (EP group); and 30 that received electrochemotherapy 7 and 9 days after the inoculation (ECT group). During 28 days of observation, no deaths due to tumor progression occurred in the ECT group, but there were 18 in the control group, 11 in the BLM group, and 18 in the EP group. While weight loss was observed in all groups, it was most remarkable in the control group. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the ECT group, compared to the other experimental groups (P<0.01). The results of this study demonstrated that electrochemotherapy significantly inhibited the growth of colon 26 tumors in mice, without causing any remarkable adverse effects.     

Monoclonality of both pale cells and cuboidal cells of sclerosing hemangioma of the lung.

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung remains poorly understood, and it is still unclear whether this lesion is neoplastic or not. It consists of two major cell types, pale cells and cuboidal cells. We analyzed the clonality of each cell types from six female cases of surgically resected sclerosing hemangioma. The pale cells and cuboidal cells were separated by microdissection from methanol-fixed sections, and DNA was extracted for clonal analysis based on an X-chromosome-linked polymorphic marker, the human androgen receptor (HUMARA) gene or the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene. The HUMARA and PGK genes were found to be amplified with or without digestion by the methylation-sensitive restrictive endonuclease HpaII. Five of six cases were informative. Pale cells and cuboidal cells showed the same monoclonality in all of the informative cases, whereas the control cells showed a polyclonal pattern. Our results demonstrated that sclerosing hemangioma is caused by monoclonal expansion of cells, confirming that it is a neoplasia. Moreover, the present data indicate that both pale cells and cuboidal cells are derived from the same cell.     

A case report of invasive thymoma presenting as a solitary metastatic lesion of the lung]

A 66-year-old woman visited our hospital for further investigation of a coin-shaped lesion in the right lower lung field. After admission, CT-scan revealed an anterior mediastinal tumor. Thymoma and lung metastasis from thymoma were suspected. At thoracotomy, an invasive thymoma involving the left phrenic nerve, the left upper lobe, and the pericardium was found, and the diagnosis of lung metastasis was made. Postoperative pathological findings showed a predominantly lymphocytic thymoma with round and oval-shaped epithelial cells, and the metastatic lung lesion revealed the same findings. Postoperative radiotherapy (4000 rads) and chemotherapy with a combination of CDDP, VDS, and CPA were administered. The metastasis of thymoma is not rare, but most often it is found after operation. In this case the diagnosis of metastatic thymoma was made pre-operatively from a solitary lung lesion.     

Cystic radiolucencies of carpal bones, distal radius and ulna as a marker for dialysis-associated amyloid osteoarthropathy.

Patients on long-term hemodialysis (HD) are known to develop amyloid osteoarthropathy, evidenced as cystic radiolucencies on X-rays of the affected joints. To study the relationship between cystic radiolucencies and amyloid osteoarthropathy in 394 patients, we classified the severity of the cystic radiolucencies seen in the wrist joint on a 4-point scale and evaluated the association between lesion severity (grade) and several parameters. Biopsy was performed in 8 patients with 11 bone cysts of the wrist joint who had been operated for carpal tunnel syndrome. HD for 10 years or longer, age 50 or older and the presence of carpal tunnel syndrome were associated with severe cyst rating. There was no association between lesion grade and serum level of PTH-C, aluminum or beta 2-microglobulin (B2M). Ten of the 11 biopsied bone cysts in 8 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome demonstrated amyloid deposits which reacted with B2M. We conclude that a cystic radiolucency observed in the wrist joint of a patient undergoing HD indicates the deposition of amyloid. The cyst grade provides a useful marker for the severity of amyloid osteoarthropathy in HD patients.     

Familial Juvenile Nephronophthisis in Two Siblings — Histological Findings at an Early Stage —

We present two female siblings with familial juvenile nephronophthisis (FJN) which was diagnosed at the early stage of renal failure. Diagnosis was made during the investigation of anemia in case 1 and by a subsequent family survey in case 2. Most patients with FJN are not identified until the terminal stage of renal failure and such cases have rarely been reported in Japan. Case 2 had a reduction in the maximum urinary concentration ability but no azotemia, and among the FJN patients reported in Japan so far she has the least advanced renal disease. Histological examination of the renal biopsy in case 1 showed typical findings of FJN, such as thickening and lamination of the tubular basement membrane (TBM), interstitial fibrosis, and round cell infiltration of the interstitium. In case 2, renal biopsy revealed an irregular marked thickening of the TBM with trivial interstitial changes and a normal glomerular appearance. The histology of these two cases suggests that the TBM may be the primary site affected in FJN.     

A new monoclonal antibody which binds to the cytoplasm of large cell lymphomas.

We reported a new monoclonal antibody, designated FUB-1, reacting with normal and neoplastic large lymphoid cells. FUB-1 was produced using a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line (HBL-5) as an immunogen. Its immunoglobulin subtype was IgM. The determinant was not on the surface but in the cytoplasm. Western blotting analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the antigen was 52,000 dalton. In the normal lymphoid tissue, FUB-1 reacted with large lymphoid cells, but not with small or medium-sized lymphoid cells or plasma cells. In addition, the FUB-1 antigen was not found in resting cells in the peripheral blood (PB), but it was induced on mononuclear cells of PB by addition of PWM or PMA. In the B-cell lymphomas tested, FUB-1 reacted with small cleaved cell lymphomas (3/12), large cell lymphomas (7/10), Burkitt's lymphomas (4/4) and immunoblastic lymphomas (2/2), but not with small cell lymphomas (0/3) or intermediate lymphocytic lymphomas (0/8). These findings indicate that the FUB-1 antigen appears to be expressed on normal lymphoid cells during blastoid transformation and on neoplastic large lymphoid cells. FUB-1 also reacted with normal glandular epithelium and various adenocarcinomas. FUB-1 may be useful to investigate the mechanism of in vitro blastoid transformation or activation of lymphoid cells.     

Jarcho-Levin Syndrome Associated with Atrial Septal Defect and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return: A Case Report

A bstract A 61-year-old woman suffering from Jarcho-Levin syndrome (JLS) was associated with atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return and underwent corrective surgery. Pressure controlled postoperative ventilator therapy is preferred in patients with JLS.     

Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and etoposide in a haemodialysis patient with Merkel-cell carcinoma

We present a Merkel-cell carcinoma patient with chronic renal failure requiring haemodialysis and evaluate the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and etoposide during haemodialysis. The area under the concentration-time curve of carboplatin was increased by prolonging the interval between administration and haemodialysis. However, that of etoposide was not changed. Carboplatin showed good membrane permeability in haemodialysis, while etoposide showed no permeability. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin could be controlled by haemodialysis and the interval between chemotherapy and haemodialysis. However, the pharmacokinetics of etoposide were not affected.     

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats: isolation of S-antigen, EAU susceptibility of rat strains, genetic control of EAU induction, and effects of cyclophosphamide and irradiation on EAU

Highly purified S-antigen was isolated from bovine retinas by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and was used to induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in various rat strains. Studies were then made of the genetic control of EAU, the effects of cyclophosphamide or irradiation on EAU, and the correlation between the EAU incidence and the serum levels of antibody to S-antigen. Lewis rats were the most susceptible to EAU followed by Wistar rats. F344 rats and BN rats were resistant to EAU. (Lewis X BN)F1 rats and (LBNF1 X Lewis) rats were susceptible to EAU, while (LBNF1 X BN) rats were resistant. These results indicate that susceptibility to EAU was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Treatment of rats with cyclophosphamide or irradiation (200 rad/rat) on the day before immunization markedly suppressed EAU development. On the other hand, the same dose of irradiation 7 days after the immunization did not affect the disease induction, yet the antibody levels to S-antigen were very high in the rats. In addition, BN rats resistant to EAU exhibited very high levels of antibody to S-antigen. Therefore, the antibody to S-antigen seems to play a minor role, if any, in the immunopathogenic mechanisms of EAU.