Factors affecting the parental knowledge,beliefs, and attitudes towards pediatric dental X-rays

Clinical Oral Investigations - To investigate the knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes towards pediatric dental radiography and its associated factors among Turkish parents seeking dental care for...     

Contemporary management of penile fracture

Penile fracture (PF) is an uncommon injury defined as the rupture of the tunica albuginea and corpus cavernosum of the penis, usually resulting from direct blunt trauma to the erect penis during sexual intercourse or masturbation. PF is one of the few urologic emergencies. This article reviews the status, contemporary management, and the controversies of the diagnostic approaches and therapeutic modalities of penile fractures. It is usually diagnosed only clinically with the history of the patient, inspection, and physical examination. However, additional imaging procedures such as cavernosography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and retrograde ureterography may also be indicated whenever the diagnosis or the extent of the severity and location of the rupture is not clear, and/or when an accompanying urethral injury is suspected. Although the diagnosis of PF is usually easily recognized, optimal therapy remains controversial. The most widely accepted approach for the treatment of PF is early surgical treatment, but some investigators still advocate nonoperative conservative management.     

A bibliometric analysis of academic publication on diabetic retinopathy disease trends during 1980-2014: a global and medical view

AIM: To investigate diabetic retinopathy (DR) literature using the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science (WoS) database and to analyse the correlation results between socio-economic development datas and number of DR publications. METHODS: The statistical analysis of the documents published during 1980-2014 was analysed. The data of this study were based on the database of WoS. “Diabetic retinopathy” was used as the keywords to search the WoS database. RESULTS: The United States ranked first in the DR research with 1840 publications and 24.38% of the world production followed by England and Japan. Besides, the most productive country was Iceland. A high correlation was found between number of publications and 2014 gross domestic product (GDP) values of 81 countries (r=0.800, P<0.001). We found a significant correlation between number of publications and Human Development Index (HDI) (r=0.645, P=0.001). There is a moderate correlation between people with diabetes and number of DR publications for 81 countries (r=0.514, P<0.01). It could be analysed that estimated publication number with DR title will be 445 according to the regression curve constituted with cubic model in 2015 (R2=1.000). CONCLUSION: More DR studies have been published in developed countries, DR and other complications of diabetes have gradually increased in developing countries over recent decades. It can be expected that the number of DR studies will gradually increase in developing countries.     

Effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra) extract treatment on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress status of d-galactose-induced aging mice

Context: Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) has various uses in traditional medicine. However, the effect of M. nigra on cognitive impairment has not been investigated yet.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the phenolic acid content and DNA damage protection potential of M. nigra leaf extract and to investigate the extract effect on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in aging mice.

Materials and methods: Phenolic acid content was determined by quantitative chromatographic analysis. DNA damage protection potential was evaluated on pBR322 plasmid DNA. Thirty-two Balb-C mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, d-galactose, d-galactose?+?M. nigra 50, and d-galactose?+?M. nigra 100). Mice were administered d-galactose (100?mg/kg, subcutaneous) and M. nigra (50 or 100?mg/kg, orally) daily for 8 weeks. Behavioral responses were evaluated with Morris water maze. Activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed in serum, brain, and liver.

Results: In extract, vanillic (632.093?μg/g) and chlorogenic acids (555.0?μg/g) were determined. The extract between 0.02 and 0.05?mg/mL effectively protected all DNA bands against the hazardous effect of UV and H₂O₂. Morus nigra significantly improved learning dysfunctions (p <?0.01), increased memory retention (p?<?0.01), reduced MDA levels (p?<?0.05), and elevated SOD, GPx, and CAT activities (p?<?0.05) compared with the d-galactose group.

Discussion and conclusion: These results show that M. nigra has the potential in improving cognitive deficits in mice and that M. nigra may be useful to suppress aging, partially due to its scavenging activity of free radicals and high antioxidant capacity.     

The effect of enoxaparin on seroma and mesh‐tissue adhesion in a hernia model

The aim of this study was to investigate whether enoxaparin (ENX) administration would increase seroma risk and worsen mesh tissue recovery in an experimental rat hernia repair model. Fifty‐six adult male Wistar–Albino rats were included in the study. Rats were equally and randomly separated into seven groups: Group 1, Control, only subcutaneous dissection was performed; group 2, Sham, Hernia defect was primary sutured; Group 3, Prolene mesh; Group 4, Dual mesh; Group 5, ENX + Sham; Group 6, ENX + Prolene mesh; Group 7, ENX + Dual mesh. ENX was subcutaneously injected at a dose of 180 U/kg per day for 7 days. Rats were killed after the amount of subcutaneous seroma was determined by ultrasound on day 7 following the surgical procedure. Mesh‐tissue healing was evaluated using histopathological and immunohistochemical (CD31) staining methods. The mean seroma amount significantly increased in Groups 5–7 compared to Groups 2–4. CD31 immunostaining showed a reduction in neovascularization in Groups 6 and 7, compared to Groups 3 and 4. Neovascularization decreased and hemorrhage, necrosis and oedema findings remarkably increased in Groups 6 and 7, when compared to Groups 3 and 4. Fibroblastic activity and inflammation were more prominent in Groups 3 and 4. It should be kept in mind that ENX interferes with inflammation, which is desired in the early period of healing and leads to an increase in overall seroma amount with anti‐coagulant effects, which in turn may disrupt wound healing and mesh‐tissue adhesions, as was indicated in our study.     

A case of carbon monoxide poisoning presenting with supraventricular tachycardia

Carbon monoxide intoxication is one of the most common types of poisoning in the world. Cardiac manifestations after exposure to carbon monoxide including myocardial ischemia, heart failure and arrhythmias have been reported. A 17-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency service with the complaints of palpitation, headache and nausea. Electrocardiogram revealed supraventricular tachycardia. The arterial blood gas analysis was normal. Her carboxyhemoglobin level was 19% and oxygen treatment was started promptly. Echocardiographic examination demonstrated normal cardiac function. To the best of our knowledge, this case report is the first carbon monoxide intoxication case in the literature presenting with supraventricular tachycardia attack.