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91.
Deborah M Antonino-Green Jianguo Cheng David S K Magnuson 《The Journal of comparative neurology》2002,442(3):226-238
Spinal cord/brainstem preparations from 5- to 8-day-old rats, maintained in vitro, were used to determine the cells of origin and regions of termination of fibers in the superficial ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) at a site from which rhythmic locomotor-like activity can be induced. Rhythmic locomotor-like activity was recorded from lumbar ventral roots after short trains of stimuli (50 Hz for 0.5-2 seconds) delivered to the VLF. Field potential mapping revealed that single VLF stimuli elicited responses in the ipsilateral ventrolateral medulla. Tract-tracing experiments by using biocytin, pressure-injected into the VLF, showed that only a small number of brainstem neurons were labeled and these were scattered bilaterally in the ventrolateral and lateral medulla. Dense concentrations of nerve terminals were found in the lateral reticular nucleus ipsilateral to the stimulation site. Labeled spinal cord neurons included a primary population of large cells distributed bilaterally in lamina VII from T13 to L4, with peak numbers in L2 ipsilaterally and in L3 contralaterally. Intracellular recordings revealed that some L2 and L3 neurons with rhythmic responses to VLF stimulation could be activated antidromically from the VLF, with latencies of less than 1.0 msec. These observations led us to speculate that the superficial VLF carries a locomotor-related tract originating bilaterally in lumbar lamina VII and terminating in the ipsilateral medulla, including the lateral reticular nucleus. This pathway may be part of the spinoreticular or spinoreticulotectal pathway that has been described in many species, the function of which has only loosely been ascribed. 相似文献
92.
Reliability of a Store Observation Tool in Measuring Availability of Alcohol and Selected Foods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deborah A. Cohen Diane Schoeff Thomas A. Farley Ricky Bluthenthal Richard Scribner Adrian Overton 《Journal of urban health》2007,84(6):807-813
Alcohol and food items can compromise or contribute to health, depending on the quantity and frequency with which they are
consumed. How much people consume may be influenced by product availability and promotion in local retail stores. We developed
and tested an observational tool to objectively measure in-store availability and promotion of alcoholic beverages and selected
food items that have an impact on health. Trained observers visited 51 alcohol outlets in Los Angeles and southeastern Louisiana.
Using a standardized instrument, two independent observations were conducted documenting the type of outlet, the availability
and shelf space for alcoholic beverages and selected food items, the purchase price of standard brands, the placement of beer
and malt liquor, and the amount of in-store alcohol advertising. Reliability of the instrument was excellent for measures
of item availability, shelf space, and placement of malt liquor. Reliability was lower for alcohol advertising, beer placement,
and items that measured the “least price” of apples and oranges. The average kappa was 0.87 for categorical items and the
average intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.83 for continuous items. Overall, systematic observation of the availability
and promotion of alcoholic beverages and food items was feasible, acceptable, and reliable. Measurement tools such as the
one we evaluated should be useful in studies of the impact of availability of food and beverages on consumption and on health
outcomes. 相似文献
93.
Mari S. Stavanja Paul H. Ayres Daniel R. Meckley Elizabeth R. Bombick Michael F. Borgerding Michael J. Morton Charles D. Garner Deborah H. Pence James E. Swauger 《Experimental and toxicologic pathology》2006,57(4):267-281
A tiered testing strategy has been developed to evaluate the potential for new ingredients, tobacco processes, and technological developments to alter the biological activity that results from burning tobacco. A series of studies was initially conducted with cigarettes containing 3% high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as an alternate tobacco casing material to corn syrup/invert sugar, including determination of selected mainstream cigarette smoke (MS) constituent yields, Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, a 30-week dermal tumor-promotion evaluation of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) in SENCAR mice, and a 13-week subchronic inhalation study of MS in Sprague-Dawley rats. A second series of studies was conducted with cigarettes containing 3%, 4% and 5% HFCS including MS chemistry, Ames assay, SCE assay in CHO cells, and a neutral red cytotoxicity assays. Collectively, mainstream smoke chemistry, genotoxicity, dermal tumor-promotion, and inhalation toxicity studies demonstrated no differences between cigarettes with 3% HFCS and cigarettes with 3% corn syrup/invert sugar. Also, mainstream smoke chemistry and genotoxicity of cigarettes with 4% and 5% HFCS were not different from cigarettes with 3% HFCS. In conclusion, the addition of up to 5% HFCS to cigarette does not alter the mainstream smoke chemistry or biological activity of mainstream smoke or mainstream smoke condensate as compared to cigarettes with 3% corn syrup/invert sugar with regard to the parameters investigated and presented. 相似文献
94.
95.
Cheryl Tilse Jill Wilson Deborah Setterlund Linda Rosenman 《Australasian journal on ageing》2005,24(Z1):S51-S56
The management of the financial assets of older people is increasingly important in the current policy context. Competing interests from the state, the market and the family regarding the appropriate use of these assets suggest that non‐professional managers are assisting older people in a complex environment. This paper, based on a national prevalence study and an in‐depth study, explores the nature and extent of asset management on behalf of older people. It examines the role of legal provision for substitute decision‐making in these processes and concludes that the current provision is insufficient to protect older people from financial abuse and support carers to manage assets well. This paper proposes that more broadly based interventions are required in a complex environment of competing interests. Such interventions include attitudinal change, improved financial literacy, information and support for older people and informal asset managers and improved monitoring and support for substitute decision makers. 相似文献
96.
Magdolna Hornyak Hans-Peter Hundemer Deborah Quail Dieter Riemann Ulrich Voderholzer Claudia Trenkwalder 《Clinical neurophysiology》2007,118(7):1532-1537
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship of the severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) as assessed by a subjective, patient-rated scale (International RLS Study Group Rating Scale, IRLS), and of periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) as an objective parameter, in two different patient populations. METHODS: Data of 200 unmedicated patients with idiopathic RLS were evaluated. Group 1 (n=100) consisted of selected patients participating in the Pergolide European Australian RLS (PEARLS) study. Group 2 (n=100) represented an outpatient RLS population investigated in a Sleep Disorders Center. Additionally, Group 1 was also evaluated after a 6 week double-blind treatment period, where 47 patients received pergolide and 53 patients placebo. RESULTS: In unmedicated patients, IRLS scores correlated with the PLMS-arousal index (r=0.22, p=0.033) but not with the PLMS index in Group 1 while no correlation was found in Group 2. The change of the IRLS score under treatment in Group 1 correlated significantly both with the change of the PLMS index (r=0.42, p<0.001) and the change of the PLMS-arousal index (r=0.38, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The IRLS adequately reflects treatment changes of PLMS indices. In unmedicated patients, the IRLS correlates with PLMS indices probably only in selected RLS populations with predefined PSG criteria and high PLM activity. SIGNIFICANCE: The IRLS is an appropriate subjective rating scale for measuring treatment effects in RLS. 相似文献
97.
98.
99.
Addressing Couples' Sexuality Concerns During the Childbearing Period: Use of the PLISSIT Model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ruth R. Alteneder CNM PhD Deborah Hartzell RN MSN 《Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG》1997,26(6):651-658
During pregnancy, a couple may benefit from discussing sexuality concerns with a nurse. Couples indicate they do not receive this support, and frequently nurses state they do not have the knowledge, time, or skills to provide patient education regarding sexuality. The PLISSIT model provides a framework for developing and implementing interventions to assist clients in maintaining their sexual relationship throughout the childbearing experience. 相似文献
100.