海南省HIV血清学检测报告

本文报告从海南省十一个HIV监测哨点采集的19653份血清标本中,发现了5例HIV抗体阳性者。这5例都是从泰国探亲回国时检测证实为Ⅰ型艾滋病病毒感染者的,表明我省近期内HIV传播的主要威胁途径为境外感染。     

Risk of leukemic transformation in PV and ET patients

Despite a prolonged survival of around 15 years linked to a prolonged complete remission induced by myelosuppression, myeloproliferative syndromes such as polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombosis (ET) remain at risk of lethal adverse affects such as thrombotic events and acute transformation. The major risk at diagnosis, in the absence of treatment, is essentially thrombosis. Different therapeutic trials have shown the necessity to maintain circulating blood cells (RBC and platelets counts) near normal levels to avoid thrombosis. Phlebotomies alone in PV lead in the long run to metaplasia and increased platelet counts and should only be kept for emergency cell count reduction. Myelosuppression is thus until recently the most widely accepted effective alternative. However, the effects of long term chronic administration of myelosuppresive agents needs to be analyzed and monitored as the biological changes which appear during the course of these diseases linked or not to the intrinsic clonal haematopoietic abnormality may lead to malignant transformation. Thus, alternative therapies need to be evaluated and predisposition factors taken in account.     

Neonatal Ostomies

Two methods of neonatal ostomy care, nonappliance and appliance, are discussed. Skin problems associated with stoma care, such as excoriation, fungal infections, and allergic reactions, are reviewed and a number of suggestions are made for the proper care of stomas in the newborn.     

Perception and practice of contraception among male soldiers in Sobi barracks,Ilorin, Nigeria

Background

There is a popular belief among the general population that Nigerian soldiers tend to have large families but this has not been substantiated with evidence-based research. The Nigerian military health authority implements female-targetted contraception strategies, with less focus on their husbands; who are the dominant fertility determinants.

Objective

To determine the perception and practice of contraception among male soldiers of Sobi Cantonment, Ilorin, Nigeria, with a view to instituting male-targeted contraceptive/family planning strategies.

Methodology

A cross-sectional survey of 334 male soldiers using multistage sampling technique and pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaires.

Results

The respondents'' approval of contraception (73.6%) and willingness to discuss it with their spouses/partners (71.6%) were high. Fear of wives/partner''s sexual promiscuity (55.7%), cultural and religious beliefs (43.2%), fear of the side effects of contraceptives (29.5%) and the desire for more children (21.6%) were reported reasons for the non-approval of contraception. The prevalence of contraceptive use among the respondents was low (12.3%). There was a significant relationship between the respondents'' educational level and contraceptive use (p< 0.05).

Conclusion

The study revealed a high approval and willingness to discuss contraception with their spouses/partners but low contraceptive use.     

一氧化氮代谢物的测定及其与病毒性肝炎若干相关因素的分析

测定了423例各型肝炎、肝炎后肝硬化患者一氧化氮代谢物NO2-／NO3-的值，并与42例正常人作对照，结果肝硬化组NO2-/NO3-值高于对照组及其他各型肝炎组（P＜0．01）。肝硬化NO2-／NO3-的升高与血浆白蛋白（ALB）呈负相关，与腹水量呈正相关，与门脉宽度呈正相关．而与TBA、SB、ALT、AST、凝血酶原活动度等无相关性。提示一氧化氮可能在高动力循环、腹水生成、白蛋白合成方面起重要作用。