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121.
Pharmacokinetics of apomorphine in parkinsonian patients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Nicolle P. Pollak F. Serre-Debeauvais P. Richard CL Gervason E. Broussolle and M. Gavend 《Fundamental & clinical pharmacology》1993,7(5):245-252
Summary— Apomorphine, a dopamine agonist, has been used efficiently in parkinsonian patients to treat severe levodopa-induced on-off phenomenon. Motor improvement has been obtained both with continuous subcutaneous (SC) infusions, and multiple SC injections. So as to assist in the understanding of the clinical results, we studied the peripheral pharmacokinetics of apomorphine in 20 patients after intravenous (IV) or SC injections in the anterior abdominal wall and in the thigh at various doses, or SC infusion. Plasma apomorphine levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. After an SC injection in the abdominal wall, the Tmax was brief (16 ± 11 min) the drug was rapidly cleared from the plasma and had a short plasma half-life (69.7 ± 25.8 min). The AUC was similar following SC and IV injections, suggesting that apomorphine was completely absorbed from subcutaneous tissue. Inter-subject variability in drug absorption was large. We noticed a trend towards a more complete absorption following injection in the abdominal wall rather than in the thigh. In patients chronically treated by continuous SC infusion, the apparent plasma half-life was five times longer than that following SC or IV injections. These pharmacokinetic data may explain the rapid onset and brief duration of clinical effects, and the usefulness of individual titration for intermittent SC apomorphine injections, and the smoother motor response obtained with continuous SC infusions. 相似文献
122.
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is often followed by significant morbidity and mortality due to protracted immunodeficiency. We have hypothesized that the bone marrow-ablative regimen may delay the recovery of normal immune function following transplantation by impairing the interaction of host endothelial cells with circulating graft-derived lymphocytes. This report compares the relative effects of busulfan (an alkylating drug) and gamma-irradiation on the tissue- specific localization potential of lymphocytes and the eventual recovery of immune function within syngeneic murine transplant recipients. Localization of normal lymphocytes into peripheral lymph nodes of irradiated BMT recipients was markedly less (less than 50%) than in busulfan-treated or normal mice over the first 2 months post- BMT. This finding correlated with irradiation-induced endothelial cell edema and microvascular occlusions within lymphocyte-receptive areas of the nodal microvasculature. The effect of both preparative regimens on the recovery of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) was also analyzed. This response recovered more quickly (between 1 and 2 months) in busulfan- pretreated animals. Further experiments demonstrated that the decrease in CHS responsiveness appeared, in part, related to a depression in the capacity of lymphocytes to localize into skin sites of antigen deposition within irradiated mice. The impairment of tissue-specific lymphocyte localization may represent a novel mechanism by which whole body irradiation can contribute to delayed immunologic reconstitution following bone marrow transplantation. 相似文献
123.
Systemic arterial compliance following ultra-marathon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Burr JF Bredin SS Phillips A Foulds H Cote A Charlesworth S Ivey AC Drury TC Fougere R Warburton DE 《International journal of sports medicine》2012,33(3):224-229
There is a growing interest in training for and competing in race distances that exceed the marathon; however, little is known regarding the vascular effects of participation in such prolonged events, which last multiple consecutive hours. There exists some evidence that cardiovascular function may be impaired following extreme prolonged exercise, but at present, only cardiac function has been specifically examined following exposure to this nature of exercise. The primary purpose of this study was to characterize the acute effects of participation in an ultra-marathon on resting systemic arterial compliance. Arterial compliance and various resting cardiovascular indices were collected at rest from 26 healthy ultra-marathon competitors using applanation tonometry (HDI CR-2000) before and after participation in a mountain trail running foot race ranging from 120-195 km which required between 20-40 continuous hours (31.2±6.8 h) to complete. There was no significant change in small artery compliance from baseline to post race follow-up (8.5±3.4-7.7±8.2 mL/mmHgx100, p=0.65), but large artery compliance decreased from 16.1±4.4 to 13.5±3.8 mL/mmHgx10 (p=0.003). Participation in extreme endurance exercise of prolonged duration was associated with acute reductions in large artery compliance, but the time course of this effect remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
124.
125.
Background
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the pre-workout supplement Assault? (MusclePharm, Denver, CO, USA) on upper and lower body muscular endurance, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, and choice reaction time in recreationally-trained males. Subjective feelings of energy, fatigue, alertness, and focus were measured to examine associations between psychological factors and human performance.Methods
Twelve recreationally-trained males participated in a 3-week investigation (mean +/- SD, age: 28 +/- 5 y, height: 178 +/- 9 cm, weight: 79.2 +/- 15.7 kg, VO2max: 45.7 +/- 7.6 ml/kg/min). Subjects reported to the human performance laboratory on three separate occasions. All participants completed a baseline/familiarization day of testing that included a maximal graded exercise test for the determination of aerobic capacity (VO2max), one-rep maximum (1-RM) for bench and leg press to determine 75% of 1-RM, choice reaction tests, and intermittent critical velocity familiarization. Choice reaction tests included the following: single-step audio and visual, one-tower stationary protocol, two-tower lateral protocol, three-tower multi-directional protocol, and three-tower multi-directional protocol with martial arts sticks. Subjects were randomly assigned to ingest either the supplement (SUP) or the placebo (PL) during Visit 2. Subjects were provided with the cross-over treatment on the last testing visit. Testing occurred 20 min following ingestion of both treatments.Results
Significant (p < 0.05) main effects for the SUP were observed for leg press (SUP: 13 ± 6 reps, PL: 11 ± 3 reps), perceived energy (SUP: 3.4 ± 0.9, PL: 3.1 ± 0.8), alertness (SUP: 4.0 ± 0.7, PL: 3.5 ± 0.8), focus (SUP: 4.1 ± 0.6, PL: 3.5 ± 0.8), choice reaction audio single-step (SUP: 0.92 ± 0.10 s, PL: 0.97 ± 0.11 s), choice reaction multi-direction 15 s (SUP: 1.07 ± 0.12 s, PL: 1.13 ± 0.14 s), and multi-direction for 30 s (SUP: 1.10 ± 0.11 s, PL: 1.14 ± 0.13 s).Conclusions
Ingesting the SUP before exercise significantly improved agility choice reaction performance and lower body muscular endurance, while increasing perceived energy and reducing subjective fatigue. These findings suggest that the SUP may delay fatigue during strenuous exercise. 相似文献126.
Dharani R Lee CF Theng ZX Drury VB Ngo C Sandar M Wong TY Finkelstein EA Saw SM 《Eye (London, England)》2012,26(7):911-918
Aims
To compare methods to measure time outdoor and light levels, two possible predictors of myopia, in Singapore children.Methods
Outdoor time from a diary and portable light meter over a 1-week period was compared in 117 Singapore children aged 6–12 years with and without myopia. All children wore a (HOBO Pendant temp/light Part # UA-002-64) light meter for 1 week and the parents filled the 7-day outdoor diary to track the outdoor activity.Results
Mean outdoor time from diary and time with light levels was 5.44 hours per week and 7.91 hours per week, respectively, during school term and school holidays. Time spent with light levels of >1000 Lux from the light meter were 7.08 h per week and 9.81 h per week, respectively, during school term and school holidays. The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.21 and 0.28 for outdoor time from the diary and light meter (1000 Lux cut-off) during the school term and holidays, respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.34 (95% CI 0.05, 0.58) for a weekday during school holidays, 0.17 (−0.14, 0.45) for a weekday during school term, 0.07 (−0.16, 0.29) for a weekday during school term, and 0.25 (0.02, 0.46) for a weekend during school term.Conclusions
The agreement between the light meter and 1-week diary was poor to fair. Both instruments measure different parameters, time outdoors and light intensity, and could therefore capture different aspects of risk in future myopia studies. 相似文献127.
128.
Jiemin Li BNurs Vicki Drury PhD Beverley Taylor PhD 《International journal of nursing practice》2014,20(2):126-134
This paper reports on a systematic review that sought to answer the research question: what is the experience of women living and coping with type 2 diabetes? A range of relevant terms were identified and electronic databases were searched. Only qualitative studies that explored the meaning of living and coping with type 2 diabetes and that included adult women aged ≥ 18 years were considered. We found evidence that women are challenged by their multi‐caregiving roles and the complexities of managing their diabetes simultaneously. For female patients with diabetes, holistic care and individual psycho‐education programmes appear to be facilitate more effective and successful diabetes management. In addition, carer programmes that provide information so that family and friends can support and assist the woman with diabetes are required. 相似文献
129.
Studies on levamisole--induced agranulocytosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thompson JS; Herbick JM; Klassen LW; Severson CD; Overlin VL; Blaschke JW; Silverman MA; Vogel CL 《Blood》1980,56(3):388-396
Widespread clinical trials of leavo-tetramisole (levamisole) as an immunopotentiating agent in rheumatoid arthritis, metastatic carcinoma, and immunodeficiency states have been complicated by agranulocytosis (AGC) in 2.5%-13% of patients. Other than a relationship with prolonged high dosage, very little is known regarding the pathogenesis of levamisole-induced AGC. Whereas leukoagglutination was negative, fluorochromatic microgranulocytotoxicity (GCY) tests were positive with serum from 10 of 10 acutely neutropenic patients. The antibody was IgM, reacted with 100% of unrelated granulocytes, but not with T or B lymphocytes. Some sera also reacted with monocytes and the myeloid cell line, K-562. Tests for antigen-antibody complexes or cold autoantibodies were negative. Although clinical evidence strongly suggests a haptene (drug) mechanism, in vitro mixing experiments were also negative. An alternative choice parallels the model of aldomet- induced Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia. Finally, GCY first became positive 2-3 mo prior to the onset of AGC on two patients, suggesting the possibility of identifying those at risk well before the onset of neutropenia. 相似文献
130.
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma: characterization by monoclonal antibodies 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Monoclonal antibodies to human T cells permit the characterization of the surface phenotype of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). The majority of CTCL cells are reactive with OKT1 and OKT3 monoclonals, which identify peripheral T cells and mature thymocytes. The neoplastic cells also react with OKT4, which recognizes the inducer T cell subset; they are, however, unreactive with OKT5 monoclonal, which identifies cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subsets. These data are in agreement with previous functional studies demonstrating that CTCL is a neoplasm of inducer (helper) T cells. 相似文献