Bioactive asterosaponins from the starfish Culcita novaeguineae

Two new sulfated steroidal pentaglycosides（asterosaponins）,novaeguinosides Ⅰ（2） and （Ⅱ）2,along with the known regularoside B（1）were isolated from the starfish Culcita novaeguineae.Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR techniques as well as chemical evidence.     

Redox-Active Mn Porphyrin-based Potent SOD Mimic,MnTnBuOE-2-PyP<Superscript>5+</Superscript>, Enhances Carbenoxolone-Mediated TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant tumor of the brain and is challenging to treat due to its highly invasive nature and heterogeneity. Malignant brain tumor displays high metabolic activity which perturbs its redox environment and in turn translates to high oxidative stress. Thus, pushing the oxidative stress level to achieve the maximum tolerable threshold that induces cell death is a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Previously, we have shown that gap junction inhibitor, carbenoxolone (CBX), is capable of enhancing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) -induced apoptosis in glioma cells. Since CBX is known to induce oxidative stress, we hypothesized that the addition of another potent mediator of oxidative stress, powerful SOD mimic MnTnBuOE-2-PyP⁵⁺ (MnBuOE), could further enhance TRAIL-driven therapeutic efficacy in glioma cells. Our results showed that combining TRAIL + CBX with MnBuOE significantly enhances cell death of glioma cell lines and this enhancement could be further potentiated by CBX pretreatment. MnBuOE-driven cytotoxicity is due to its ability to take advantage of oxidative stress imposed by CBX + TRAIL system, and enhance it in the presence of endogenous reductants, ascorbate and thiol, thereby producing cytotoxic H₂O₂, and in turn inducing death of glioma cells but not normal astrocytes. Most importantly, combination treatment significantly reduces viability of TRAIL-resistant Asian patient-derived glioma cells, thus demonstrating the potential clinical use of our therapeutic system. It was reported that H₂O₂ is involved in membrane depolarization-based sensitization of cancer cells toward TRAIL. MnBuOE is entering Clinical Trials as a normal brain radioprotector in glioma patients at Duke University increasing Clinical relevance of our studies.     

COPD呼吸衰竭患者面罩式气道双正压机械通气治疗

0　引言　慢性阻塞性肺部疾病 (COPD)合并呼吸衰竭患者常需鼻或气管插管 (或切开 )进行机械通气治疗 .气管插管为创伤性 ,并发症多 ,病死率高 .本院用面罩式双正压机械通气治疗取得一定疗效 .1　材料和方法1.1　材料　 1996 /1998年本院呼吸科住院患者 41(男 32 ,女9)例 ,平均年龄 71(6 2～ 88)岁 ,均为 COPD合并 型呼吸衰竭 ,依据广州全国慢性支气管炎临床专业会议鉴定标准诊断 .1.2　呼吸机　为美国伟康医疗产品集团公司生产的双正压机械呼吸机 (Bipap呼吸机 ) .1.3　方法　患者半卧位 ,吸气压从 6 cm H2 O,呼气压从2 cm H2 O开始 …     

A phase II trial evaluating the feasibility of adding bevacizumab to standard osteosarcoma therapy

Increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in osteosarcoma correlates with a poor outcome. We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of combining bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF, with methotrexate, doxorubicin and cisplatin (MAP) in patients with localized osteosarcoma. Eligible patients received two courses of MAP chemotherapy before definitive surgery at week 10. Bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) was administered 3 days before starting chemotherapy then on day 1 of weeks 3 and 5 of chemotherapy. After surgery, patients received MAP for a total of 29 weeks; bevacizumab was added every 2 or 3 weeks on day 1 of chemotherapy at least 5 weeks after surgery. Group sequential monitoring rules were used to monitor for unacceptable bevacizumab‐related targeted toxicity (grade 4 hypertension, proteinuria or bleeding, grade 3 or 4 thrombosis/embolism, and grade 2–4 major wound complications). Thirty‐one patients (median age 12.8 years) with localized osteosarcoma were enrolled. No unacceptable targeted toxicities were observed except for wound complications (9 minor and 6 major), which occurred in 15 patients; none required removal of prosthetic hardware or amputation. The estimated 4‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rate and overall survival rate were 57.5 ± 10.0% and 83.4 ± 7.8%, respectively. Eight (28%) of 29 evaluable patients had good histologic response (<5% viable tumor) to preoperative chemotherapy. The addition of bevacizumab to MAP for localized osteosarcoma is feasible but frequent wound complications are encountered. The observed histologic response and EFS do not support further evaluation of bevacizumab in osteosarcoma.     

AMG-1和腺苷对大鼠脑突触体谷氨酸释放的影响

观察了腺苷类化合物AMG-1对大鼠脑突触体前膜谷氨酸(glu)释放的影响。AMG-1在0.1～0.3 mmol·L^-1能明显抑制突触前膜Ca²⁺-依赖性glu的释放,并呈现剂量—效应关系。其作用强度与腺苷基本相似。提示AMG-1对脑保护作用可能与它激活腺苷A₁受体,从而抑制兴奋性氨基酸释放有关。     

AMG-1对突触体内游离钙水平及大鼠尾动脉收缩力的影响

观察了AMG-1对高钾所致大鼠脑突触体内游离钙浓度[Ca²⁺]i升高,及去甲肾上腺素引起的离体大鼠尾动脉环收缩力的影响。结果表明,AMG-110和100μmol·L^-1可对抗高钾(30mmol·L^-1)引起的[Ca²⁺]i升高,使分别降低19±11%及57±12%;在无钙Krebs-Hensleleit液中,AMG-1能抑制去甲肾上腺素引起大鼠尾动脉收缩力的作用。     

盐酸普鲁卡因胺渗透泵片剂的研究

本文研究了盐酸普鲁卡因胺(PA·HCl)渗透泵片的处方组成、制备工艺、体外溶出;建立了PA·HCl的紫外双波长分光光度法及血清和唾液中PA及其活性代谢物N-乙酰普鲁卡因胺(NAPA)共存下的高效液相色谱法,体内PA实验数据按双室模型,用电子计算机处理求得药动学参数。药动学—药效学数据显示血药浓度和唾药浓度均与药效变化规律相关。     

速激肽NK-1受体拮抗剂SR-140333对抗原引起致敏大鼠气道高反应性的影响

为观察速激肽ＮＫ１受体拮抗剂ＳＲ１４０３３３对抗原攻击引起的致敏大鼠气道高反应性的影响，测定了致敏大鼠在抗原攻击前后的基础呼吸频率，对ＭＣｈ的反应性及支气管肺泡灌洗液中的白细胞数量。实验结果显示，致敏大鼠吸入ＯＡ后６ｈ基础呼吸频率增加，并显著增加乙酰甲胆碱（ＭＣｈ）的反应性、ＭＣｈ的－ｌｏｇＰＣ３０值和支气管肺泡灌洗液中的白细胞数量。ｉｐ速激肽ＮＫ１受体拮抗剂ＳＲ１４０３３３（０１ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）或地塞米松（０５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１），可明显抑制上述反应，小剂量ＳＲ１４０３３３（００１ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）仅有部分抑制作用。结果提示抗原攻击可引起致敏大鼠气道高反应性和气道炎症，速激肽ＮＫ１受体拮抗剂可抑制这些反应     

浙江省天南星族药用植物新鲜块茎的等电聚焦电泳分析

目的为天南星族药用植物的分类和鉴定提供依据.方法以聚丙烯酰胺/凝胶等电聚焦电泳(IEF)方法对天南星族植物7种4变种1变型18个样品蛋白质进行分析.结果不同属植物的电泳谱之间有明显差异.结论利用IEF谱带差异可准确地区分犁头尖属、半夏属和天南星属.     

维拉帕米对MDR1基因转染的Swiss-3T3细胞的化疗增敏作用

为进一步了解维拉帕米对抗药性逆转作用的特征,在人MDR1基因转染的Swiss-3T3多药抗药性细胞,观察了维拉帕米逆转幅度与阿霉素抗性水平的关系。各个转染细胞与母细胞相比,阿霉素毒性明显降低。非毒性浓度(3μmol·L^-1)的维拉帕米对阿霉素毒性的增强作用,在转染细胞均高于母细胞,但逆转幅度与抗性水平成反比。Southern杂交显示,转染细胞基因组中有MDR1 cDNA整合。转染细胞的阿霉素蓄积障碍可被维拉帕米纠正。讨论了药物主动转运的饱和现象在维拉帕米增强效应中的作用,以及P-糖蛋白与药物相互作用的方式。