Methodological perspectives

This article reviews the history of physiotherapy education and practice by visually handicapped individuals within the United Kingdom, culminating in the establishment of the North London School of Physiotherapy. The School's organization, facilities, selection procedures, and educational curriculum are outlined.     

Cyr61和VEGF在高氧诱导鼠视网膜新生血管中的表达

目的研究富含半胱氨酸蛋白61(cysteine-rich 61,Cyr61)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在高氧诱导鼠视网膜新生血管(retinal neovascularization,RNV)中的表达情况,探讨二者在RNV形成过程中所起的作用。方法取C57BL/6J小鼠100只,随机分为高氧组和对照组,每组各50只。采用免疫组织化学、Western blot和RT-PCR法分别检测视网膜Cyr61、VEGF蛋白及mRNA的表达情况。结果高氧组Cyr61、VEGF蛋白呈强阳性表达,主要定位于神经节细胞层、内丛状层、外丛状层和突破视网膜内界膜的新生血管。高氧组与对照组比较,视网膜Cyr61、VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达显著增高,均有统计学意义(tCyr61蛋白=5.35、tVEGF蛋白=6.56、tCyr61 mRNA=4.67、tVEGF mRNA=7.15,均为P<0.05),且Cyr61与VEGF表达呈正相关(r蛋白=0.83、rmRNA=0.95,均为P<0.05)。结论 Cyr61-VEGF信号途径在视网膜新生血管形成的过程中可能具有潜在功能。     

溧阳市社区诊断人群体重、腰围自报数据准确性分析

目的了解溧阳市居民自身体重、腰围的知晓现状,以及自报数据的准确性及影响因素。方法采取多阶段整群、随机、系统抽样方法,抽取的家庭中调查年龄≥18岁居民,比较分析体重、腰围的自报值与实测值。结果调查8 882人,人群体重知晓率为88.67%,腰围知晓率为76.78%;体重自报值平均偏低(0.30±4.25)kg,且不同性别、年龄的自报值均低于实测值;腰围自报值平均偏高(0.10±5.62)cm;体重、腰围自报值准确率分别为64.40%、55.65%,年龄、文化程度、职业、身质指数与体重、腰围自报准确性均有关联(P值均0.05)。结论应进一步加强对老年、退休在家、低文化程度、身体质量指数异常群体的健康宣教,增强居民自身健康指标的掌握程度。     

Immune tolerance: a synopsis of the international experience

Summary. Because of the increased morbidity and cost of care associated with inhibitor development, immune tolerance therapy (ITT) is of crucial value in the care of haemophilia. The 24-year experience with this modality, primarily in the treatment of factor VIII inhibitors, has included the use of both high and low doses of clotting factor, with and without immune modulation. Overall success rates for ITT in haemophilia A have been similar (63–83%), while median time to IT has been variable (1.2–24 months). The role of type and purity of clotting factor used remains unclear. Three immune tolerance registries have suggested the potential importance of treatment parameters such as pre-induction inhibitor titer and daily factor dose in the prediction of successful outcome. Ultimately, prospective randomized studies of ITT are required to definitively compare therapeutic regimens with respect to efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness.     

CHANGES IN SERUM INSULIN CONCENTRATION DURING PUBERTY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO GROWTH HORMONE

In 40 tall and short children we have demonstrated using oral glucose tolerance tests that there is an increase in serum insulin concentration during puberty with no change in blood glucose concentration. Fasting serum insulin concentration rose from a pre-pubertal value between 4.0 and 5.7 mU/l to values between 11.0 and 14.6 mU/l during puberty. This rise in both fasting serum insulin concentration and the incremental area under the insulin curve is probably due to changes in circulating GH concentrations. In 16 tall girls a rise in serum GH concentration was observed during pubertal growth and the rise was accompanied by a two- to three-fold increase in fasting serum insulin concentration. In 13 children in whom 24 h growth hormone profiles were recorded higher insulin concentrations were seen in those who secreted the most growth hormone. These data suggest that during pubertal growth in diabetic children the standard dosage of insulin administered (0.9 units/kg per day) should be doubled or possibly tripled to maintain good metabolic control and maximize pubertal growth.     

氯化镓治疗去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的实验观察

目的 探讨镓对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的治疗作用。方法 通过切除大鼠卵巢建立骨质疏松模型，经氯化镓治疗12周后，用单光子法测量骨密度；放免法检测相关血清学指标；测定骨病理形态学指标。结果 氯化镓治疗组血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶、骨小梁间距低于骨质疏松对照组，而骨密度和骨小梁宽度高于骨质疏松对照组。结论 镓对去卵巢所致大鼠的骨质疏松有效。     

短期使用氯喹/羟氯喹引起不良反应的病例报道分析及合理应用建议

目的检索与分析短期应用氯喹/羟氯喹(CQ/HCQ)可能导致的药品不良反应(ADR)及分析相关影响因素,为临床合理应用提供参考。方法通过检索PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库从建库至今CQ/HCQ引起的药品相关不良反应的个案报道的相关文献,设定单次服药至服药3个月内出现的ADR情况,分析CQ/HCQ可能引起的ADR及容易诱发ADR的相关因素,进行分析总结。结果共检索到文献1280篇,最终纳入42篇。其中心脏ADR共7篇10例,主要为心律失常,包括房室传导阻滞4例、Q-T间期延长4例;其中3例死亡,7例停药后恢复,服药1 g/d以上出现心脏毒性更快。视觉相关ADR文献4篇5例,其中应用CQ的1例,为单次用药后出现视力下降。HCQ的4例,出现黄斑病变1例,视物模糊1例,结膜充血2例。出现视物模糊与黄斑病变的患者停药后未恢复。皮肤ADR纳入21篇,严重的可引起Stevens-Johnson综合征2例,急性或泛发性脓疱病10例。其他严重ADR共10篇,主要表现为神经精神系统ADR。结论CQ/HCQ可引起严重ADR,对既往有心脏疾病、合并使用有相互作用的药物应进行严密监测,制定新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗的合理剂量,还应考虑患者疾病严重程度、肝肾功能情况,选择不同的药物与给药方案。     

兔抗小鼠胚胎干细胞免疫血清对8-细胞胚胎发育的影响

目的 制备兔抗小鼠胚胎干细胞免疫血清,观察其对小鼠胚胎发育的影响。方法 用小鼠胚胎培养基稀释兔抗血清,分别稀释至50倍、100倍、200倍,用其对小鼠8-细胞胚胎进行培养,通过胚胎致密化、囊胚率、胚胎体外贴壁生长、细胞计数、胚胎移植和免疫荧光染色观察胚胎发育状况。 结果 形态学上50倍稀释的抗血清能够抑制8 细胞胚胎的发育甚至使其死亡;100倍稀释的抗血清能够延迟8 细胞胚胎的致密化,并使得胚胎在囊胚化过程中出现空泡化的现象;200倍稀释的抗血清作用不明显。未作免疫处理的兔血清与空白对照组差异不显著。100倍稀释的抗血清能够显著抑制囊胚内细胞团（ICM）的发育、囊胚细胞分布紊乱、胚胎细胞数目减少以及囊胚畸形率增加。虽然囊胚的碱性磷酸酶和Oct4均呈阳性,但经胚胎移植后都不能正常发育。 结论 兔抗小鼠胚胎干细胞免疫血清能够抑制小鼠胚胎致密化过程和囊胚内细胞团的发育,使囊胚出现空泡化,细胞分布紊乱,抑制胚胎着床。