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21.
Abiodun O. Adewuya Bola A. Ola Atinuke O. Dada Olubunmi O. Fasoto 《Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology》2013,34(4):267-272
This study aimed to examine the validity of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a screening tool for depression in late pregnancy among Nigerian women. A total of 182 women in late pregnancy (32–36 weeks) completed either the English or the translated Yoruba language version of the EPDS and a proportion of them were then assessed for the presence of DSM-IV major and minor depressive disorders using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A cut-off score of 10 on the EPDS was found to be the best for screening for both major and minor depression (sensitivity = 0.867, specificity = 0.915, Diagnostic Likelihood Ratio for a positive result = 10.200). When screening for major depression only, a cut-off of 12 was found to the most appropriate (sensitivity = 1.000, specificity = 0.961, Diagnostic Likelihood Ratio for a positive result = 25.641). The EPDS is a valid and useful instrument in screening for depression in late pregnancy among Nigerian women. 相似文献
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S S Baba A H Fagbami O D Olaleye 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》1998,40(6):343-349
The antigenic relationship of 9 flaviviruses, Yellow fever (YF), Wesselsbron (WSL), Uganda S (UGS), Potiskum (POT), West Nile (WN), Banzi (BAN), Zika (ZK), Dengue type 1 (DEN-1) and Dengue type 2 (DEN-2), was assessed by cross-haemagglutination-inhibition (Cross-HI) and cross-complement fixation (Cross-CF) reactions between each of the viruses and their homologous immune mouse ascitic fluids. Titre ratios were calculated using the heterologous and homologous titres. Cross-CF reactions revealed wider antigenic variations among viruses than Cross-HI reactions. There was no significant antigenic variation between WSL, POT and YF viruses using either of those methods. However, definite differences in antigenicity were observed between them and UGS, BAN and ZK viruses. There were no significant differences between UGS, BAN and ZK or between DEN-1 and DEN-2. The serological relationship among flaviviruses is important in establishing diagnosis and epidemiology of these infections in Africa. 相似文献
24.
O D Olaleye A O Olawuyi S S Baba 《Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene》1992,86(3):294-297
Retrospective and prospective serological surveys to determine the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (ADV) infections in children with respiratory diseases were carried out from 1985 to 1988 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. 306 sera from subjects between 3 months and 12 years old were assayed by complement fixation test for antibodies to both viruses. Second samples were available from 42 of the subjects for antibody conversion testing. The rate varied with age, period of the year and virus. Overall prevalences of 23.5% and 18.3% were obtained for RSV and ADV respectively. 2.6% of the subjects had antibodies to both viruses. Among 42 paired samples tested, 61.9% and 33.3% showed positive antibody conversion to RSV and ADV respectively. Although there was evidence of active circulation of both viruses throughout the year, infection with RSV was higher from September to January, while ADV infection was significantly higher during February and March. Antibody prevalence to both viruses increased with age up to a peak of 39.1% for RSV in children 5-6 years old and 32% for ADV in children 3-4 years old. None of the subjects aged 10 years and above was positive for both viruses. Both RSV and ADV are important agents of acute respiratory infection in children in Nigeria. 相似文献
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Ernest Orji Felix Agwu Olabisi Loto Oladapo Olaleye 《International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics》2008,101(2):129-132
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of prophylactic use of oxytocin and ergometrine in management of the third stage of labor. METHODS: A prospective randomized study of 600 women assigned to receive either oxytocin or ergometrine in the third stage of labor. Outcome measures were the predelivery and 48-hour postdelivery hematocrit, duration of the third stage, specific side effects, and incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. Statistical analyses were done using the t test for continuous variables and chi2 test for categorical variables. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in maternal age, gestational age, duration of third stage, birth weights, risk for retained placenta, manual removal of placenta, or need for additional oxytocics. Patients in the ergometrine group were at significant risk for nausea, vomiting, headaches, and elevated blood pressure (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Oxytocin is as effective as ergometrine at reducing the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, but without the undesirable side effects of nausea, vomiting, and elevated blood pressure associated with ergometrine. 相似文献
28.
D O Olaleye O O Omotade Z Sheng A A Adeyemo G N Odaibo 《Journal of tropical pediatrics》1999,45(2):66-70
A community-based survey to determine the prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) virus infections in mothers and children in south-western Nigeria was carried out using blood samples collected in 1993. A multistage cluster, random sampling procedure was used to select 460 mother-child pairs (476 children because there were 16 sets of twins) from 14 enumeration areas. A commercially available, whole HTLV-I lysate antigen-based ELISA method was used to screen for HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibodies in the samples. A synthetic peptide antigen-based ELISA was then used to differentiate between antibody reactivity to either HTLV-I or HTLV-II. Reactivity to HTLV-I or HTLV-II antibodies was found in 4.3 per cent (20/460) of mothers and in 1.1 per cent (5/476) of children in both rural and urban communities and all the positive children were males. None of the 16 sets of twins in this study was positive for either HTLV-I or HTLV-II. Also none of the mother-child paired sera tested showed concordance for either HTLV-I or HTLV-II antibody positivity. The lack of concordance between mother and child sera suggests that vertical transmission may not be the major route of transmission of HTLV infection to children in south-western Nigeria. Other modes of transmission, such as the re-use of unsterilized needles for injections and surgical knives in local scarification, which are common practices in the region, need to be investigated as they may prove to be more important than vertical transmission. These findings have important implications for any control programme for diseases that can be spread by the same routes as HTLV infection (the human immunodeficiency viruses, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections). 相似文献
29.
Olubuyide IO; Ola SO; Aliyu B; Dosumu OO; Arotiba JT; Olaleye OA; Odaibo GN; Odemuyiwa SO; Olawuyi F 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1997,90(6):417-422
We surveyed a random sample (n = 75) of doctors and dentists at University
College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. They were offered anonymous testing for
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAG),
antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and to hepatitis C virus
(anti-HCV), by enzyme immunoassay. The results suggest a high prevalence of
hepatitis B virus (HBV) with a high potential of transmissibility, as well
as a high prevalence of HCV infection. The majority of the doctors and
dentists use universal precaution for protection against viral hepatitis on
< 50% of the occasions when they carry out procedures on their patients.
Infection with HBV was associated with type of specialty (surgeons,
dentists) and lack of HBV vaccination (p < 0.05). After logistic
regression, these factors were independently associated with HBV infection
(p < 0.05). Sixty (80%) had not received prior HBV vaccination.
Unvaccinated personnel were more likely to be surgeons, dentists, < 37
years of age, and have fewer years of professional activity (p < 0.05).
After logistic regression, only fewer years of professional activity
remained independently associated with lack of vaccination (p < 0.05).
To reduce the occupational exposure of HBV, universal precautions must be
rigorously adhered to when the doctors and dentists carry out procedures on
their patients, and all health-care workers should be vaccinated with HBV
vaccine and the HCV vaccine, when it becomes available.
相似文献
30.
Evaluation of three screening tests and a risk assessment model for diagnosing peripheral neuropathy in the diabetes clinic 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
OBJECTIVE: with the aim of evaluating predictive power, three simple screening tests as alternates to nerve conduction tests for diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were investigated. Results of the screening tests, along with the subjects' demographic and clinical characteristics, were planned as the variables for the development of a risk assessment tool for predicting DPN. DESIGN: this is a cross-sectional multi-group comparison study. The study utilized a predictive model derived from one subset of the study population, and prospectively tested in the other subset to predict the presence of neuropathy. SETTING: Diabetic Neuropathy Research Clinic of the Toronto General Hospital and University Health Network in Toronto, Ontario, Canada from June 1998 to August 1999. SAMPLE POPULATION: data come from 478 subjects consisting of non-diabetic reference subjects, and patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. OUTCOMES MEASURES: nerve conduction studies (NCS) comprised the primary defined outcome. The three screening sensory tests examined in the study were the Semmes-Weinstein 10 g monofilament examination (SWME), superficial pain sensation, and vibration by the on-off method. RESULTS: the three screening tests are significantly and positively correlated with NCS. An increase in the number of insensate responses in the screening test is associated with an increase in the abnormal NCS score. The strength of the association between NCS and each sensory test was greater when the neuropathy severity stage of the subject was added to the model. Both the SWME and vibration by the on-off method tests demonstrated sufficient statistical power to differentiate non-diabetic control subjects from subjects with diabetes, as well as to differentiate subjects with diabetes with and without neuropathy. These two tests, when compared with NCS, also demonstrated acceptable diagnostic performance characteristics in terms of high sensitivity and specificity, total number of correctly predicted cases, and receiver-operating characteristic curves. CONCLUSION: this data, through the development of a model involving training and validation sets, demonstrates that the knowledge of clinical risk factors alters the interpretation of sensory tests for DPN. This finding lends further support to the validity of simple sensory testing maneuvers in the conditional diagnosis of DPN. We recommend annual screening with either the SWME or vibration by the on-off method in the primary care and diabetes clinics. 相似文献