Osteoporose: eine Volkskrankheit?

Zusammenfassung Im folgenden Beitrag werden die Ursachen der Osteoporose und ihre Behandlungsmöglichkeiten dargestellt. Diskutiert werden verschiedene Strategien zur Prävention anhand beeinflussbarer und nicht beeinflussbarer Risikofaktoren sowie die Möglichkeiten, das Frakturrisiko zu reduzieren. Von besonderem Interesse sind Therapien mit und ohne Östrogenzusatz, wie z. B. die Calciumsubstitution, die Vitamin-D₃-Substitution, die singuläre Östrogentherapie sowie die Therapie mit Bisphosphonaten und selektiven Östrogenrezeptormodulatoren. Die Östrogentherapie ist die Therapie der Wahl bei Osteporose. Abstract The following article presents the causes of osteoporosis and possible treatment modalities. Various strategies for prevention are discussed based on modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors as well as measures to reduce fracture risk. Of particular interest are therapy regimens with and without estrogen supplements, e.g., calcium substitution, vitamin D₃ substitution, single estrogen therapy, and treatment with bisphosphonates and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Estrogen therapy is the treatment of choice for osteoporosis.     

Motor assessment of cocaine/polydrug exposed infants at age 4 months.

Fifty nondrug-exposed infants and 74 cocaine/polydrug-exposed infants were evaluated on the Movement Assessment of Infants (MAI). The test provides an assessment of risk for motor dysfunction at age 4 months. There was a significant difference in total risk scores between the two groups of infants with cocaine-exposed infants having higher total risk scores (p less than .0001). Categorical risk scores revealed significant differences between the infants in muscle tone, primitive reflexes, and volitional movement with cocaine-exposed infants scoring more poorly in each category (p less than .0001). The groups scored differently on 11 of the 49 MAI items in those categories. Placement of infants within previously established ranges of risk scores (0-7 = no risk; 8-13 questionable risk; greater than 13 = high risk) revealed a significant difference in distribution between the two groups (p less than .0001). Earlier studies of the effects of intrauterine drug exposure have not revealed significant differences in motor development. The MAI demonstrated differential assessments of risk for motor dysfunction between cocaine-exposed and nondrug-exposed infants.     

Should balloon angioplasty and stents have any role in operative intervention for lower extremity ischemia?

p < 0.01). Cumulative combined primary patency at 1 year by life-table methods was 82 ± 10% in the staged group and 83 ± 9% in the simultaneous group (p= 0.79). Mean follow-up was 13 ± 6 months. There is a role for balloon angioplasty and stent placement in operative revascularization of ischemic limbs in selected patients: patency was similar to that produced with the staged approach while the length of stay was shorter. Intraoperative balloon angioplasty is safe and effective and stents permit a measure of control in assuring an optimal intraoperative postangioplasty result.     

Novel antibody coating of a magnetizable solid phase for use in enzyme immunoassays.

Novel kinds of magnetizable particles have been prepared using the interaction between the complexing groups of phosphonic acid and polyvalent metal ions on the surface of Fe3O4 particles. After modification of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies by the bifunctional chelating agent 2-(4-diazophenyl)-1-hydroxyethane-1,1-bisphosphonic acid, antibodies were immobilized at a ratio of 5-10 mg antibody molecules per ml Fe3O4 particles without loss of immunological reactivity. Very sensitive and fast immunoenzymometric assays for the quantitative determination of human interferon-alpha 1 and mouse immunoglobulins were developed using such particles. The advantages of the method include immobilization of proteins on magnetizable carriers without chemical modification of the carrier and the short assay time compared to conventional immunoenzymometric assays.