Peripheral Nerve Injury Sensitizes the Response to Visceral Distension but Not Its Inhibition by the Antidepressant Milnacipran

Background: Manipulations that cause hypersensitivity to visceral stimuli have been shown to also result in hypersensitivity to somatic stimuli coming from convergent dermatomes, but the converse has not been examined. The authors tested whether lumbar spinal nerve ligation in rats, a common model of neuropathic pain that results in hypersensitivity to somatic stimuli, also leads to hypersensitivity to visceral stimuli coming from convergent dermatomes and whether pharmacology of inhibition differed between these two sensory modalities.

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves were ligated. Animals received either intrathecal saline or milnacipran (0.1-3 [mu]g), and withdrawal thresholds to mechanical testing in the left hind paw, using von Frey filaments, and visceral testing, using balloon colorectal distension, were determined.

Results: Nerve ligation resulted in decreases in threshold to withdrawal to somatic mechanical stimulation (from 13 +/- 1.8 g to 2.7 +/- 0.7 g) and also in decreases in threshold to reflex response to visceral stimulation (from 60 mmHg to 40 mmHg). Intrathecal milnacipran increased withdrawal threshold to somatic stimulation in a dose-dependent manner but failed to alter the response to noxious visceral stimulation.     

Nuclear Factor κB and Anesthetic Preconditioning during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion

Background: Volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain undefined. To investigate the molecular mechanism of APC in myocardial protection, the activation of nuclear factor (NF) [kappa]B and its regulated inflammatory mediators expression were examined in the current study.

Methods: Hearts from male rats were isolated, Langendorff perfused, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the control group: hearts were continuously perfused for 130 min; (2) the IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 15 min of baseline, 25 min of ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion; and (3) the APC + IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 10 min of sevoflurane exposure and a 5-min washout, 25 min of global ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion. Tissue samples were acquired at the end of reperfusion. NF-[kappa]B activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The NF-[kappa]B inhibitor, I[kappa]B-[alpha], was determined by Western blot analysis. Myocardial inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also assessed by Western blot analysis.

Results: Nuclear factor [kappa]B-DNA binding activity was significantly increased at the end of reperfusion in rat myocardium, and cytosolic I[kappa]B-[alpha] was decreased. Supershift assay revealed the involvement of NF-[kappa]B p65 and p50 subunits. APC with sevoflurane attenuated NF-[kappa]B activation and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. APC also reduced infarct size and creatine kinase release and improved myocardial left ventricular developed pressure during IR.     

Morphine Enhances Pharmacological Preconditioning by Isoflurane: Role of Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Opioid Receptors

Background: Adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels mediate protection against myocardial infarction produced by volatile anesthetics and opioids. We tested the hypothesis that morphine enhances the protective effect of isoflurane by activating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels and opioid receptors.

Methods: Barbiturate-anesthetized rats (n = 131) were instrumented for measurement of hemodynamics and subjected to a 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was determined using triphenyltetrazolium staining. Rats were randomly assigned to receive 0.9% saline, isoflurane (0.5 and 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]), morphine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), or morphine (0.3 mg/kg) plus isoflurane (1.0 MAC). Isoflurane was administered for 30 min and discontinued 15 min before coronary occlusion. In eight additional groups of experiments, rats received 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD; 10 mg/kg) or naloxone (6 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.

Results: Isoflurane (1.0 MAC) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) reduced infarct size (41 +/- 3%; n = 13 and 38 +/- 2% of the area at risk; n = 10, respectively) as compared to control experiments (59 +/- 2%; n = 10). Morphine plus isoflurane further decreased infarct size to 26 +/- 3% (n = 11). 5-HD and naloxone alone did not affect infarct size, but abolished cardioprotection produced by isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺囊肿15例报告

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺囊肿的方法及临床意义. 方法 2000年3月～2004年5月我院对15例肾上腺囊肿均采用后腹腔镜手术治疗.扩张后腹膜间隙成功后,紧靠膈下纵形切开肾周筋膜,肾周筋膜内分离肾上极和肾上腺周围的脂肪组织,超声刀或电刀在肾表面分离肾脏上极和肾上腺.游离肾上腺行肾上腺部分切除或全切除. 结果 15例手术均获成功,其中肾上腺部分切除术12例,肾上腺全切术3例.手术时间(49.0±31.4)min,术中出血量(31.6±28.7)ml,住院时间(4.1±1.4)d.除1例术后伤口皮下气肿外,无其他术后并发症.15例术后随访(18.5±1.0)月(12～36个月),无一例复发. 结论后腹腔镜手术可作为肾上腺囊肿的首选治疗方法.     

三氧化二砷脂质体的制备及其对鼠脑胶质瘤的影响

目的研究三氧化二砷（As2o3）脂质体注射液对大鼠体内C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡的影响。方法采用超声薄膜分散法制备As籼脂质体，将126只成瘤大鼠分为As2O3脂质体组、As2O3组、生理盐水组。原子荧光法检测注射As2O3脂质体和As2O3后大鼠脑组织中As2O3浓度。从电镜、TUNNEL和大鼠生存时间等方面研究As2O3脂质体对C6胶质瘤的影响。结果As203，脂质体提高了As2O3的血-脑屏障通过。电镜和TUNEL检测显示：As203脂质体组细胞凋亡率给药后3d为（13．53±1．68）％，7d为（20．03±0．79）％，多于As2O3组和盐水组。动物生存时间亦优于其他两组。结论超声薄膜分散法是制备As2O3脂质体的较好方法。As203脂质体可较As203更明显地诱导鼠脑胶质瘤细胞凋亡，延长载瘤鼠的生存期。     

多巴胺转运体440bp等位基因与儿童孤独症的关系

目的探讨儿童孤独症(CA)与多巴胺转运体(DAT1)440bp等位基因的关系。 方法陕西省纺织医院等于2004年3~8月，采用PCR技术对来自西安市两所康复中心的汉族CA儿童与DAT1基因多态性进行遗传关联分析。 结果(1)DAT1基因多态性中共观察到5种等位基因(320bp，360bp，440bp，480bp，520bp)，6种基因型(480/480，480/320，520/480，480/360，480/440,440/440)。(2)使用相对危险度RR对CA与DAT1基因多态性的等位基因和基因型进行关联分析，显示480/440基因型和等位基因440与CA呈正关联，相对危险度分别为265和230，480/480基因型和等位基因480与CA呈负关联，相对危险度分别为064和077。但统计结果没有发现具有统计意义的差异。 结论中国汉族CA儿童与DAT1440bp等位基因无遗传关联。也许等位基因440bp与基因型480bp/440bp这两个因素是发病的风险因素,还有待今后的进一步研究。     

内镜检查患者的满意度与不良耐受:对其评估和预测工具的发展状况研究

本文目的是检验一种用于量化和预测内镜检查患者的不良体验的一种问卷调查的可靠性。分别给予目前常规接受内镜检查的患者2份问卷(操作前及操作后)。第1份问卷包括人口统计学资料、既往内镜检查史、用药或饮酒史、患者期望值、操作前的焦虑及紧张程度。内镜检查后,重新确定患者的耐受性和意愿。内镜检查后对患者进行重复内镜检查的总体满意度或不情愿的主要结果评分≥5确定为“内镜检查的不良体验”(A EE)。148例受试者中有13例报告有AEE。通过对与不良反应如疼痛、紧张和操作期间的损伤情况明显相关的可靠分析,确定测定主要结果的项目。…     

基础医学实验教学体系的构建与实践

论述了推行实体实验教学模块化、素质实验教学中心化的意义、基本做法和成效.     

强化食品、既食又药食品存在的问题与管理对策

随着国民经济的迅速发展 ,人民生活水平的不断提高 ,强化食品、既食又药食品和其它保健食品一样受到人们的青睐。为进一步加强对这类食品的监督管理 ,规范市场经济秩序 ,保护广大消费者利益和身体健康 ,我们于 2 0 0 2年 9月 1日至 1 2月中旬 ,先后对哈尔滨市 72家既食又药食品办证企业进行了现场监督检查 ,并对 1 0家商场和 8家药店进行了强化食品、既食又药食品销售环节的监督检查 ,现将检查结果总结如下。1　检查内容1 1　检查强化食品、既食又药食品标签、标识、包装标注内容及产品说明书。1 2　检查既食又药食品加工场所 ;1 3　清理…