老年高血压性心脏病、冠心病的房性、室性心律失常与房室内径大小的关系

本文应用M型超声心动图测量了138例60岁以上冠心病及高血压性心脏病患者的左房及左右心室内径。其中79例伴有心律失常，房早26例、房颤23例、室早24例，并进行了比较分析。结果发现房颤病人左房内径明显大于房早及窦性心性心律组，室早与左右心室内径大小关系不密切。     

输精管结扎对前列腺增生症治疗作用的远期临床观察

目的：临床观察输精管结扎对良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的治疗作用及安全性。方法：对照1组40例，口服安宫黄体酮2mg，3次／d，长期服用；对照2组40例，口服保列治5mg，1次／d，长期服用；输精管结扎组16例，行双侧输精管及输精管静脉结扎。结果：输精管结扎组有效率66．7％，对照1组35．5％，对照2组68．8％，输精管结扎组与对照1组有效率相比较有显著性差异；输精管结扎组与对照2组有效率相比较无显著性差异。结论：输精管结扎对于BPH有治疗作用，且远期疗效优于性激素治疗，有与药物去势相近似的治疗效果。价廉、安全，特别适用于高危BPH的病人。     

严重胸部损伤合并颅脑72例早期诊治

目的 探讨严重胸外伤合并颅脑伤的临床特点及早期诊治。方法 按损伤严重度评分法（ISS），对72例ISS≥20分，严重胸部损伤合并颅脑伤患者，采取各种诊治措施，除抗休克、紧急气管插管或切开外，行胸腔闭式引流70例，剖胸探查19例，呼吸机辅助呼吸＋PEEP42例。结果 本组死亡30例，病死率41．7％，其中ISS值20－60分死亡19例，11例ISS值≥61分者无1例存活。结论 严重胸外伤合并颅脑伤均存在休克，呼吸困难，昏迷等危重情况，病死率高。胸腔穿刺，胸腔闭式引流，气管插管或切开，机械辅助呼吸＋PEEP，尽早使用脱水剂或开颅减压是早期判断病因，进行鉴别诊断最简便确切的手段，也是最有效的早期治疗措施。     

73例精神分裂症凶杀行为司法鉴定分析

精神分裂症是最为常见的精神疾病之一 ,其患病率与发病率均居于诸精神病之首 ,本病与犯罪、违法的关系最为密切 ,在凶杀案例的精神疾病司法鉴定中精神分裂症占有相当比例 ,本文就 73例精神分裂症凶杀行为的临床资料与作案特点作一分析 ,报告如下。对象和方法一、对象我院 1991年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月共接受以故意杀人为案由的司法精神医学鉴定 14 7例 ,其中诊断为精神分裂症者73例 (49.7% ) (精分症组 )、其他精神障碍 4 0例 (2 7.2 % )、排除精神病者 34例 (2 3.1% ) (无精神病组 )。精分症组 :男4 7例 ,女 2 6例 ,年龄 2 1～ 5 9岁 ,平均…     

地塞米松对布比卡因诱导小鼠神经元毒性的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of dexamethasone on the toxicity of bupivacaine in murine neurons.Methods Murine neuroblastoma cell line N2a was obtained from ATCC cell bank (USA). The cells were cultured in 10% fetal cow serum/MEM culture medium and divided into 4 groups voup I control (Con); group II bupivacaine ( Bup); group Ⅲ dexamethasone (Dex) and group IV Dex + Bup. The culture medium contained bupivacaine 900 μmol/L in group Bup and dexamethasone 1 μmol/L in group Dex respectively. In group Dex + Bup ( IV ) Bup was added to the culture medium with a final concentration of 900 μmol/L at 12 h after pretreatment with Dex 1 μmol/L. The cells were inoculated in 24 well plates (0.5 ml in each well, 24 wells in each group) and 10 cm culture dishes (7 ml in each dish, 4 dishes in each group). The release rate of LDH was calculated and the morphology of the cells and nucleus condensation (by Hoechst 3334224 fluorescent staining) was detected at 9 h of incubation in 24 well plates. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential (by JC-1 assay) and phosphorylation of Akt and ERKs (by Western blot) were measured at 5 h of incubation in 24 well plates and in culture dishes respectively. ResultsBupivacaine caused severe damage to the N2a cells as evidenced by increase in LDH release and nucleus condensation (apoptosis), dephosphorylation of Akt and ERKs, decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and severe morphological changes. Dexamethasone pretreatment significantly attenuated bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. Conclusion Dexamethasone can protect N2a cells from bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity through stabilization of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and inhibition of dephosphorylation of Akt and ERKs.