严重烧伤后不同时段酸碱失衡类型变化的探讨

目的 :探讨严重烧伤病人在伤后不同时段 (伤后 1～ 3天、 4～ 1 0天、 >1 0天 )发生酸碱失衡类型的变化 ,分析其发生的原因及机理。方法 :利用新的酸碱失衡四步判断法对我科 1 990年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 1 2月住院的 1 5 3例严重烧伤病人同步检测的血气分析和电解质结果进行分析判断。结果 :(1 )全组患者除 1 6例酸碱失衡类型属正常外 ,其余 1 37例中 ,单纯性酸碱失衡类型 4 4例 ,其中以呼吸性碱中毒 (呼碱 )最多 ,2 3例 ;双重性 5 7例 ,以呼吸性碱中毒并代谢性酸中毒 (代酸 )为主 ,2 3例 ;三重性 36例 ,以呼吸性碱中毒并高阴离子间隙 (AG)代酸并代谢性碱中毒 (代碱 )为主 ,共 2 3例。 (2 )在休克期 (伤后 1～ 3天 )以单纯性酸碱失衡类型为主 ,最多见的类型是代谢性酸中毒 (1 4例 ) ,在水肿回收期 (伤后 4～ 1 0天 )与修复期 (伤后 1 0天以后 )均以双重性酸碱失衡类型为主 ,但最多见的类型分别是呼碱 (9例 )与呼碱并代碱 (5例 )。结论 :严重烧伤患者在伤后不同时段的酸碱失衡类型比较复杂 ,烧伤休克期的酸碱失衡类型最多 ,修复期最少。发生率最多的是呼碱、呼碱并代酸以及呼碱并高阴离子间隙代酸并代碱。在各时段中 ,三重性酸碱失衡并不少见 ,以呼碱并高AG代酸并代碱为主。     

高原青年移居者凝血纤溶系统的研究

目的 :研究高原青年移居者血液凝血纤溶系统的状态。方法 :检测 38例青年移居者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (t -PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 (PAI)和纤维蛋白原 (Fbg)含量 ,并与 36例健康藏族世居青年进行比较。以平原健康青年作为对照。结果 :移居者较藏族世居组及对照组t -PA活性降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,PAI活性增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,各组之间Fbg含量无显著性差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :高原青年移居者血液处于高凝状态。     

Changes in vascularity of cartilage endplate of degenerated intervertebral discs in response to melatonin administration in rats

We carried out an experimental investigation of cartilage endplate vascularity of degenerated intervertebral discs produced by exogenous melatonin (MEL) treatment. Adult Swiss albino rats were divided into three groups: control, operated degeneration, and MEL treatment. There were five rats in each group and, using a posterior approach, cuts were made parallel to the endplates in the posterior annulus fibrosus in five consecutive intervertebral discs between the 5th and 10th vertebral segments of the rats' tails. At 8 weeks, five of these animals were treated with exogenous MEL (s.c. injection of 30 μg/100 g body weight daily for 4 weeks). In each experimental group, one animal was examined using CT scanner to study the density of the cartilage endplate of the disc. To evaluate the bone growth and vascularity of the cartilage endplate region, the animals were killed for subsequent histopathological evaluation. We found that the vascular channel counts and percentage areas from animals treated with MEL were significantly lower than from the operated degeneration animals. Accordingly, the density histogram in the MEL group showed a spike profile for both the vertebral body and the cartilage endplate, indicating an increase in the amount of higher density tissues in these regions. Our results demonstrate that the use of MEL reduces the cartilage endplate vascularity of degenerated intervertebral discs, suggesting that it may have an osteoinductive effect on bone formation. Further studies are needed to characterize fully the relevance of our findings for the treatment of disorders such as postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

Increased apical enlargement contributes to excessive dentin removal in curved root canals: a stepwise microcomputed tomography study

Introduction

To determine whether increased apical enlargement would result in a complete preparation of curved canals and to progressively assess shaping quality using multiple microcomputed tomography (MCT) scans.

Methods

Ninety root canals with a curvature of 25° to 50° were selected. Five MCT scans, 1 preoperative and 4 postoperative, were acquired from each canal. Canal preparation was performed up to size 50 using 3 techniques, nickel-titanium (NiTi) hand files, Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany), and ProTaper (Maillefer, Ballaigue, Switzerland), by experienced operators in a dental mannequin so as to simulate the clinical conditions. At a level of 1 mm short of the working length, 2 parameters were evaluated in each of the 4 postoperative acquisitions: the percentage of the prepared outline and the amount of dentin removed (the prepared area).

Results

Statistically, there was no significant difference between the 3 systems used regarding the prepared outline. The maximum prepared outline was achieved by the use of NiTi hand files (63%; confidence interval [CI], 54%–73%), whereas Mtwo and ProTaper amounted to 58% (CI, 50%–66%) and 60% (CI, 51%–70%), respectively. In contrast, the dentin area removed by ProTaper was significantly higher than that of Mtwo and NiTi hand files.

Conclusions

Increased apical enlargement of curved canals did not result in a complete apical preparation, whereas it did lead to the unnecessary removal of dentin.     

Interpretation of antitoxoplasma antibody findings

Between reactions assessing one class of immunoglobulins and reactions detecting all serum immunoglobulins comprehensively such as CFT, there is, as might be expected, a very poor quantitative correlation and thus in individual sera the result of one reaction cannot be reliably added to the result of another (CFT:ELISA/IgG). Even the correlation between reactions focused on the same Ig class (ELISA/IgG: IFT/IgG) is no better. Among reactions assessing specific IgM we consider ELISA/IgM better than IFT/IgM because there is not the risk of false negativity caused by concurrence of IgG. A combination of ELISA/IgG and ELISA/IgM gives good results as a statistical group: the distribution of results revealed agglomerations of sera corresponding to the assumed age of the infection derived from the generally accepted pattern of antibody formation. The applicability of the combination of these two reactions alone for evaluation of individual sera is a promising procedure but awaits further confirmation. Long-term investigations revealed within two years after infection a marked decline of CFT antibodies in the majority of cases but it was not sufficiently clear in ELISA/IgG. Despite the technical advantages of ELISA reactions, elimination af the CFT reaction is not foreseen in the near future. As the minimal combination of methods which provides adequate information we may consider at the present time CFT for assessment of total antibodies and ELISA/IgM for more marked differentiation of the acute stage. Evaluation of the lowest CFR titres considered hitherto as "practically negative" must be obviously revised in subjects with immunosuppression and organ donors for transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

应用九种单/多克隆抗体对NHL的诊断、鉴别诊断和免疫表型分型的研究

用ABC免疫组化法和LCA,UCHL_1,L_(26),Mac_(387),k,(?),EMA,CK和CEA等9种抗体标记了81例病理学不能确诊或分类的淋巴瘤样疾病。所有组织均用10%福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,6μm切片。标记结果:3例确诊为未分化癌,72例为非何杰金淋巴瘤(NHL),5例为淋巴组织反应性增生,1例不能确诊。在72例NHL中,B细胞淋巴瘤49例,T细胞淋巴瘤19例,B、T细胞混合性淋巴瘤1例,组织细胞肉瘤3例。结果表明,应用可以标志石蜡切片中淋巴细胞抗原的LCA,UCHL_1,L_(26),Mac_(387)等单克隆抗体对于NHL的诊断和分型是有效的。如能应用1种以上的同类血清,结合其组织形态,可以进一步提高其诊断水平。     

Consistency of Apex Locator Function: A Clinical Study

The consistency of apex locators was determined by calculating the dysfunction frequency. Electronic working length (EWL) was determined in 507 patients requiring endodontic treatment. Different clinical parameters were recorded including tooth vitality, presence of obliteration, and metallic restoration. Two apex locators were used (Root ZX [Morita, Tokyo, Japan] and Raypex5 [VDW, Munich, Germany]). Apex locator performance was considered “consistent” when the scale bars were stable and moved only in correspondence to the movement of file in the root canal. A working length radiograph with files set to the EWL was performed. EWL were considered “acceptable” when the file tip was located 0 to 2 mm short of the radiographic apex. The function of apex locators was consistent in 85% of the patients (429/507 [99% confidence interval, 80-88]). The inconsistent measurements were strongly associated with partially or totally obliterated root canals (p < 0.0001). Radiographically, 97% of consistent measurements were “acceptable.”     

A prospective randomized study comparing misoprostol and oxytocin for premature rupture of membranes at term

Objective.?The aim of this randomized trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of vaginal misoprostol and oxytocin for cervical ripening and labor induction in patients with premature rupture of membrane (PROM) at term.

Methods.?Ninety-seven women with PROM at term were assigned randomly to receive intravaginal misoprostol or oxytocin. The primary outcome measure was the induction–delivery interval. Secondary outcomes included the number of women who delivered vaginally within 12 hours of the start of the induction in the two groups, the cesarean, hyperstimulation, and failed induction rates, the mode of delivery, and the neonatal outcome.

Results.?Forty-eight women were assigned to intravaginal misoprostol and 49 to oxytocin administration. The mean interval from induction to delivery was 10.61 ± 2.45 hours in the misoprostol group and 11.57 ± 1.91 hours in the oxytocin group (p = 0.063). The rates of vaginal delivery were 83.3% and 87.7% and cesarean delivery were 16.7% and 8.2% in the misoprostol and oxytocin groups, respectively. Neonatal outcomes were not significantly different. Of the cases, 8.3% in the misoprostol group and 8.2% in the oxytocin group revealed uterine contraction abnormalities.

Conclusion.?Our study demonstrates that, intravaginally, misoprostol results in a similar interval from induction of labor to delivery when compared to oxytocin.